Experience in working on the topic “Lego construction” in senior preschool age as a means of developing technical creativity

Robots Education Creativity

Details Published: 09.12.2018 10:50

Lightweight construction and the basics of robotics today are the most popular areas of development for children, and it doesn’t matter at all whether they are schoolchildren or preschoolers. Teachers search for lesson plans on the Internet or create their own innovative programs. Today we would like to introduce you to one of these programs.

It was sent by Narmina Azimovna Azimetova from the Tyumen region, teacher, MBDOU d/s “Sibiryachok”. The program is designed for children 3-4 years old.

Club activities program

"LEGO construction"

It's easier to do everything with LEGO,

It's easier to get smarter with LEGO.

LEGO is the most popular board game on the planet. The word “LEGO” has two meanings in Latin: “I learn” and “I add.” The British Toy Traders Association awarded LEGO the title of “Toy of the Century.”

The introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education involves the development of new educational models, which should be based on educational technologies that comply with the principles:

• developmental education;
• scientific validity and practical applicability;
• compliance with the criteria of completeness, necessity and sufficiency;
• unity of educational, developmental and training goals and objectives of the education process for preschool children;
• integration of educational areas;
• solving program educational problems in joint activities and independent activities of adults and children;
• accounting for the preschooler’s leading activity—games.

LEGO is one of the most famous and widespread pedagogical systems, widely using three-dimensional models of the real world and a subject-based gaming environment for the learning and development of a child. Play is the most important companion of childhood. LEGO allows children to learn through play and learn through play.

During educational activities, children become builders, architects and creators; while playing, they bring their ideas to life. Starting with simple figures (from 3 to 5 years), the child moves further and further. Seeing his successes, he becomes more confident and moves on to the next, more complex stage of training.

The prospects for using LEGO technology are determined by the high educational opportunities that are required of these tools at the present stage: multifunctionality, technological and aesthetic characteristics, use in various play and educational areas. Paramonova L.A. believes that even the smallest set of building elements opens up a new world for the child. A child does not consume, he creates, creates objects, the world and life.

Games with construction sets help develop children's creative and intellectual abilities, design skills, imagination, and the ability to foresee the results of their actions.

Children begin to solve difficult problems through fun, creative play. Preschoolers develop fine motor skills and improve their speech quality. LEGO construction contributes to the sensory development of a preschooler, because Bright, functional details can affect literally all the child’s senses:

visual acuity, accuracy of color perception, tactile qualities, perception of shape, size of an object, space and much more are improved.

Building with LEGO helps a child see the world in all its colors. The brighter, more holistic, and more emotional children’s impressions of the world around them are, the more interesting and varied the buildings will become.

Tasks:

• Learn to see the design of an object, analyze its main parts, their functional purpose.
• Develop a sense of symmetry and aesthetic color schemes of buildings.
• To develop preschoolers' interest in modeling and design, to stimulate children's scientific and technical creativity.
• Improve children's communication skills when working in pairs, teams, and sharing responsibilities.
• Strengthen children's knowledge about the world around them.
• To identify gifted, talented children with unconventional creative thinking and abilities in constructive activities and to ensure further development.

LEGO construction is included in the regulations for the educational activities of the kindergarten and is implemented within the educational area “Cognition”, section “Design”, implemented by the preschool educational institution program of the L.A. Center. Wenger "Development+". The content of educational activities in LEGO construction is based on the methodological developments of L.G. Komarova. “We build with LEGO.”

Using the LEGO constructor, educational tasks with preschoolers are solved in the following areas:

• Development of fine motor skills of the hands, stimulating general speech development and mental abilities in the future.
• Learning to correctly and quickly navigate in space.
• Obtaining mathematical knowledge about counting, shape, proportion, symmetry.
• Expanding your ideas about the world around you - about architecture, transport, landscape.
• Development of attention, ability to concentrate, memory, thinking.
• Teaching imagination and creative thinking.
• Mastering the ability to mentally divide an object into its component parts and assemble a whole from the parts.
• Learning to communicate with each other, respecting one’s own and others’ work.

LEGO construction begins at the age of three: children in the second junior groups are offered the LEGODUPLO construction set. Children get acquainted with the basic details of the construction set, methods of fastening bricks, and children develop the ability to correlate the results of their own actions in constructing an object with a model.

In the middle group (from 4 to 5 years old), children consolidate the skills of working with LEGO constructors acquired in the younger group and get acquainted with the small LEGODASTA constructor for the first time. The last four classes are held with him. The predominant form of work is design by design. Children experiment freely with building materials. The sample may be shown at the beginning of the lesson and then removed. The organization of educational activities is built in individual and subgroup forms of work with children, the requirements of SanPin are met.

LEGO construction sets provide a great opportunity for a child to learn through experience.

LEGO games help develop intellectual qualities: attention, memory, especially visual; the ability to find dependencies and patterns, classify and systematize material; the ability to combine, that is, the ability to create new combinations from existing elements and parts; ability to find errors and shortcomings; spatial and imaginary; the ability to foresee the results of one's actions.

Most LEGO games are not limited to the proposed tasks, but allow children to create new versions of the task, that is, engage in creative activities.

Unbeknownst to the child, these games help to acquire a very important skill - to restrain yourself, not to interfere with each other, to think and make decisions, not to ask for help if you haven’t tried to do it yourself.

Program content

Middle group

• Acquaintance with new details of the Lego Duplo constructor, consolidation of knowledge about those already known to children.
• Teach children to create a plot composition on a board.
• Continue to teach how to build according to your own plans.
• Learn to plan your work, be able to tell.
• Continue to introduce children to the concept of stability of a building, its strength.
• Teach children to analyze a building from a picture and identify its main structural parts.
• Continue to teach how to work in a team, learn how to build a joint building, and plan the stages of its creation.
• Learn to convey the shape of an object using Legos, select parts according to shape, size and stability in accordance with the content.
• Learn to follow the teacher's instructions.
• Give the concept of symmetry.
• Continue to teach children to work according to the example.
• Continue to develop the ability to navigate in space (on a plane), to use words denoting spatial relationships.
• Continue to introduce children to different ways of fastening Lego pieces.
• Continue introducing children to Lego mosaics, teach them to distinguish geometric shapes, their color location in space.
• Learn to distinguish geometric shapes regardless of their color and location, learn to combine shapes by color and shape.
• Give children the opportunity to experiment with Legos.

Form for presenting the result: Technology of design skills, creative thinking in middle-aged preschoolers using LEGO construction.

— search and research methods that stimulate the cognitive activity of students;

— experimental research, design and research activities that develop the creative initiative of students;

- activity-based types of practical tasks that involve a creative approach.

Taking into account the age and physiological characteristics of the development of children of middle preschool age, in this program a large place is given to conducting classes in the form of a game.

In the process of working with Lego constructors, various forms of tasks were used:

• according to the model;
• on cards with models;
• according to one's own design;
• the teacher gives the task, the children complete it;
• tasks are formulated by the child and carried out by the children and the teacher;
• children give each other tasks;
• The task is given by the teacher and carried out by the parents and the child.

To successfully carry out activities with Lego constructors, certain conditions were created:

• free access to the construction set is organized so that children can choose the parts they need;
• children were thoroughly introduced to the sample;
• specially selected music to accompany productive activities;
• the safety of the building is ensured for some time.

TO THE LEVEL OF CHILDREN'S PREPARATION

Working with Lego parts stimulates and develops the potential creative abilities of every child, teaches him to create and destroy, which is also very important. Destroy not aggressively, not thoughtlessly, but to ensure the possibility of creating something new.

By breaking his own Lego building, the child has the opportunity to create another one or complete some of its parts from the freed parts, acting as a creator. Thus, Lego construction is a type of modeling creative and productive activity. With its help, difficult learning tasks can be solved through fun, creative games.

Each child is unique, and each is born with abilities that can and should be developed. Preschool children have a great desire to create and get results. By creating the necessary conditions for constructive activity, we help the child to understand the world around him and realize his place in this world.

Observing children's social role-playing games

Goal: Identify the use of different constructors in gaming activities. Ascertaining stage.

Children unite their crafts with one theme. They design according to ideas; graphic diagrams, samples in pictures, photographs, and technological maps are not used. Therefore, the designs of objects are not sufficiently appropriate for the age of children.

The final stage

All children began to use construction sets in their free activities.

Children often design based on ideas; they also use samples in pictures, photographs, and technological maps. Children's crafts have become more perfect and more expressive, which indicates acquired design skills.

The level of children’s knowledge acquisition can be determined using the criteria I developed for assessing children’s mastery of Lego construction and the development of their creativity.

The analysis is carried out twice a year at the beginning of the school year and at the end according to three criteria:

● Knowledge acquired

● Knowledge is not specific, gets confused, makes mistakes

● Knowledge not acquired

The child’s activities are also assessed at each lesson.

As a result of the first year of classes in the circle, the children learned well:

• recognize the details of the LEGO constructor, depicted from 3 different positions (straight, on top, on the side),
• recognize and correctly reproduce structures using development diagrams,
• create graphic models of structures based on analysis of a specific sample,
• The level of development of children's imagination has increased.

A worse result was obtained when completing the task “Constructing an object according to plan.” During the construction process, not all children were able to retain the idea and implement the design in accordance with the plan. The designs of the objects were not age appropriate (they were simple in execution).

By studying in a circle, children will acquire work culture skills: they will learn to maintain order in the workplace, distribute time and effort when making models (each lesson has its own topic) and, therefore, plan activities.

In addition, design is closely related to the sensory and intellectual development of the child: visual acuity, perception of color, shape, size are improved, and mental processes (analysis, classification) are successfully developed.

LEGO construction helps preschoolers enter the world of social experience. Children develop a unified and holistic idea of ​​the objective and social world. The lesson plan includes topics such as “Animals”, “Urban and rural buildings”, “Furniture”, “Toys”, “Such different transport”, “Ships”, “Journey to a fairy tale” and others. On calendar holidays, thematic exhibitions will be organized in the children's creativity corner, where we will present the works of children attending additional classes in LEGO construction

PLAN FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN

2 YOUNGER GROUPS

Annual planning of design classes in the middle group

1. TV, VCR, stereo system.
2. Posters, diagrams, dummies, books, illustrative material, photographs, toys, balls, etc.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Prepared by the teacher of the first qualification category of MDOU general developmental type No. 28 “Stork” Elena Evgenievna Moroz. Administration of the Podolsk City District Education Committee

In the May Decree No. 204 of 05/07/2022. “On the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin drew our attention to the fact that the country needs specialists in the field of engineering technologies. And for several years now, our students and I have been working on this topic.

If a child did not learn to create in childhood, then in life he will only imitate and copy.” L. N. Tolstoy

The development of design abilities activates the child’s thought processes, gives rise to interest in the creative solution of assigned problems, in interaction with peers (working in pairs or teams), in ingenuity and independence, initiative and the desire to search for something new and original, and, therefore, contributes to the development of talent . A child does not consume, he creates: he creates objects, the world and life.

Why did I start turning to LEGO construction more often in the educational process? The most important task of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education is a system-activity approach, which involves alternating the child’s practical and mental actions. This approach is easy to implement in the LEGO educational environment, since LEGO constructors allow the child to think, fantasize and act without fear of making mistakes.

Another important task of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education is integration between educational areas. Integration can be easily accomplished by introducing LEGO technology into the educational process.

During LEGO construction classes I set a number of educational, developmental and training objectives (according to the Federal State Educational Standard for Education):

• to cultivate a personality capable of independently setting tasks and finding original ways to solve them;
• to form the prerequisites for educational activities: the ability and desire to work, carry out tasks in accordance with instructions and the set goal, bring the work started to completion, plan future work;
• improve children's communication skills when working in pairs or teams; identify gifted, talented children with unconventional creative thinking;
• develop preschoolers’ interest in modeling and design, stimulate children’s technical creativity;
• develop fine motor skills of the hands, stimulating speech and cognitive development, mental abilities;
• teach design according to a sample, drawing, given diagram, according to plan.

When working together with older children on LEGO construction, I trace the individuality of each child’s development and his creative potential. I base organized educational activities on the principles of cooperation and co-creation of children with each other. I take the topic of OOD in accordance with the calendar and thematic plan of the group. I master the LEGO construction set sequentially from simple to complex.

In classes with children I use basic types of construction, such as:

1. Design according to a model - where a clear example of construction is given;
2. Design based on a model - a model is offered as a sample, in which the outlines of its individual elements are hidden from the child. Children must reproduce this model from the construction set they have. Thus, the child is offered a certain task, but is not given a way to solve it. Model-based design is a more complex type of model-based design.
3. Design according to conditions - a sample, a drawing-scheme - where only the conditions that the building must meet are specified;
4. Design using simple drawings and visual diagrams. The external and individual functional features of real objects are recreated from designer parts. Opportunities are created for the development of internal forms of visual modeling.
5. Design by design assumes that the child himself, without any external restrictions, will create an image of the future structure and embody it in the material that is at his disposal.

When working with children I use mainly playful, story-based and integrated forms of educational activities:

• Creation of joint buildings.
• Conversations.
• Variety of games
• Making items for games. Creation of layouts.
• Cognitive and research activities.
• Experimentation.
• Exhibition design.
• Productive activity.

I use a variety of methods and techniques to teach children LEGO construction.

Methods

When organizing LEGO construction classes, I adhere to the following algorithm for completing the model:

1. Greetings. Creating a problem situation - entering the game (for example, what will happen if there are no cars).
2. Demonstration and viewing of paintings depicting an object for construction.
3. Observation of natural objects (examination of transport while walking).
4. Sensory examination of parts to become familiar with the shape, color and determine the spatial relationships between parts (fixing the name of the parts).
5. Demonstration of variable connections of parts (personal demonstration or demonstration of children).
6. Explaining the sequence of execution or watching presentations, videos with stories on the topic, which show the moments of assembling the structure.
7. Detailed study (if necessary) of diagrams and drawings.
8. Examination of finished buildings.
9. Analysis and evaluation.
10. Playing out is the use of buildings to organize games in joint and independent activities using additional material. (figurines of animals, people, trees, etc.)

Before performing the model, finger gymnastics and physical education are required, which are selected taking into account the topic of joint activity.

We model objects for role-playing games, in which, uniting in small groups, children create their own spontaneous play story. ( “Car Garage” , “Airport” , “Fairy Castle” ), etc.

Our children also use the buildings created from LEGO in theatrical games, which children really like. Such games create conditions for the development of speech, creativity and have a beneficial effect on the emotional sphere of preschoolers.

My observations have shown that at the moment children show high performance throughout the entire lesson, work with pleasure both in mini-groups and individually, take the initiative into their own hands, show creativity in decision-making, and are not afraid to make mistakes when completing tasks.

The systematic use of construction sets in independent activities gives children freedom of creativity and allows them to depict any objects in the environment using only LEGO construction sets. The guys are fluent in diagrams, know how to tightly connect parts, etc.

Analyzing our work from the perspective of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education, we can say that this technology contributes to the effective provision of all targets at the stage of completion of preschool education, namely:

• the child shows initiative and independence in various types of activities: play, communication, construction, etc.; is able to choose his occupation and participants in joint activities;
• the child has a positive attitude towards the world, actively interacts with peers and adults, and participates in joint games;
• the child has a developed imagination, which is realized in various types of activities and, above all, in play; masters different forms and types of games, distinguishes between conventional and real situations;
• the child has a fairly good command of oral speech, can use speech to express his thoughts, feelings and desires, construct a speech statement in a communication situation;
• the child has developed gross and fine motor skills;
• the child is capable of volitional efforts, can follow social norms of behavior and rules in various types of activities, in relationships with adults and peers;
• the child shows curiosity and is capable of making his own decisions, relying on his knowledge and skills in various activities.

With children we do not stand still. The preschoolers were so interested in designing that we decided to take part in competitions.

The results speak for themselves.

• All-Russian children's design competition "Lego Country" (winners);
• International competition in LEGO construction and robotics "Legograd - 2019" (winners);
• Center for the growth of talented children and teachers "EINSTEIN" All-Russian creative competition in LEGO construction (Winner).

Our efforts were not in vain! We joined the “Science in the Moscow Region” . We became members of the Naustim . We took part in the Technostart AND WE DON'T STOP HERE!

Thus, I believe that this innovative LEGO technology can be successfully used in all age groups with a general developmental focus, and with the right approach and organization it will give a positive result in the work of a teacher.

In the future I will continue to improve my professional level and use Lego technologies taking into account modern requirements. After all, we understand that engineering education in the Russian Federation needs to be brought to a new higher level. We are faced with the task of making sure that children remain children, live their lives brightly, interestingly, meaningfully and at the same time prepare for “real” adult life.

I continue to work with Lego constructors and in the preparatory group, but I am already involved in robotics.

Bibliography:

1. Markova V. A., Zhitnyakova N. Yu. “LEGO in kindergarten” (partial program for the intellectual and creative development of preschoolers based on educational solutions LEGO EDUCATION). JSC "ELTI-KUDITS" 2015.
2. “The Big Book of LEGO” A. Bedford - Mann, Ivanov and Ferber, 2014
3. M. S. Ishmakova - IPC Mask, 2013 4. “Design and artistic work in kindergarten”
4. L. V., Kutsakova / Creative, 2005
5. “Lego - construction in kindergarten” by E. V. Feshina - M.: Tvorcheskiy, 2012.
6. Lego in kindergarten. [Electronic resource] – access mode: http: //festival. 1st September. ru /
7. “Building from Lego” by L. G. Komarov, / M.: Mozaika-Sintez, 2006
8. We build from LEGO “LINK-PRESS” by L. G. Komarov – Moscow, 2001.
9. “We create, we change, we transform” / O. V. Dybina. – M.: Creative, 2002.
10. M. S. Ishmakova “Design in preschool education under the conditions of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard” ) 3
11. Komarova L. G. Building from LEGO (modeling of logical relationships and real-world objects using the LEGO constructor). - M.: LINKA-PRESS, 2011.
12. Lishtvan Z.V. Design. - M.: Vlados, 2011. - 217 p.
13. Paramonova L. A. Design as a means of developing the creative abilities of children of senior preschool age: educational and methodological manual. - M.: Academy, 2010. - 80 p.
14. Paramonova L. A. Theory and methodology of creative design in kindergarten. – M.: Academy, 2014. – 97 p.
15. http://nsportal. ru / 3. “Design in preschool education in the context of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard”
16. Website http: //nsportal. ru/ Child development through Lego.
17. Website https://www. maam. ru/detskijsad/matematika-s-ispolzovaniem-legokonstruirovanija. html