1. Eastern administrative district. GBOU Gymnasium No. 1476.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Content of the main educational program of a preschool educational organization in the educational field “Artistic and Aesthetic Development”, section “Visual Activities””, senior teacher N. V. Kharitonova.
2. “Perception as a necessary part of the artistic and creative abilities of preschool children,” educational psychologist I. A. Sodomova.
3. “Formation of an aesthetic attitude towards the environment in children with disabilities (TN) in the process of implementing AOOP”, teacher-speech therapist A. S. Popova.
4. Summary of continuous educational activities in the senior group on the topic “Butterflies in the meadow”, teacher E.V. Guzenko.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1Fwck4td3NtaEYxYU0?usp=sharing
2. Eastern administrative district. GBOU secondary school No. 1852.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Personally oriented approach to the artistic and aesthetic development of preschool children,” senior teacher V. I. Grashina.
2. “Russian nesting doll as a means of artistic and aesthetic development of children of senior preschool age,” teachers T. G. Levkina, S. V. Kazakova.
3. “Formation of creative activity of preschool children by means of planar design”, teachers of GBOU School No. 1269 E. I. Pavlova, L. V. Kiryanina.
4. “The use of children's design elements in creating an educational space in preschool groups,” teachers A. Yu. Popova, L. N. Dragunova.
5. “Non-traditional methods of drawing in older preschool age”, teachers L. M. Zavrazhnova, E. V. Gavrilova.
6. “Plasticineography as a means of developing the artistic and creative abilities of preschool children,” teacher of the State Budget Educational Institution MMG V. A. Dmitrieva.
7. “Artistic and aesthetic development of children through project activities. Project “Animals of Hot Countries”, educators V. A. Krut, M. Yu. Romashkova.
8. Master class materials:
- “Plastinography. Bouquet in a basket”, teacher of GBOU MMG V. A. Dmitrieva;
— “Drawing a landscape in watercolors by children of senior preschool age,” teacher M. Yu. Romashkova.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwT09QWmZ1bDlERDg?usp=sharing
3. Western administrative district. GBOU Gymnasium No. 1542.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Fine creativity of preschool children as a cultural practice,” teacher I. S. Morozova.
2. “Stages of development of children's drawings,” educational psychologist S. S. Grigorieva.
3. “Organization of a developing subject-spatial environment for artistic and aesthetic development,” educators N. S. Barinova, E. P. Gnidyuk.
4. Materials of the master class “Paper plastics”, teacher L. S. Khokhlova.
5. Continuous educational activities:
- in the younger group on the topic “A matryoshka came to visit us,” teacher N.V. Shishkina;
- in the preparatory group on the topic “Creative workshop of folk crafts”, teacher I. N. Fedorenko.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwNHR2TmkzQjI0RGM?usp=sharing
4. Western administrative district. GBOU Gymnasium No. 1596.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Planning and organization of work on visual activities in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education,” senior teacher S. A. Kotova.
2. Practical material:
2.1. Summaries of continuous educational activities:
- in the second junior group on the theme “Fun Train”, teachers V.V. Nadeikina, L.N. Mikheeva;
- in the middle group for designing from paper with origami elements on the theme “Magic Birds of Spring”, senior teacher S. A. Kotova, teachers M. V. Seliverstova, T. S. Vavilova;
- in the senior group for appliqué on fabric on the theme “The Great African Journey”, teachers L. I. Ogurtsova, A. Kh. Chebakova;
- in the preparatory group on the topic “What the telescope told us,” teachers T.V. Kapkina, T.I. Maryina.
2.2. Materials of the master class on the topic “Method of artistic design in working with preschool children”, teacher of additional education E. I. Koverya.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwSWppR2VqdldCdmM?usp=sharing
5. Western administrative district. GBOU School No. 1434.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Federal state educational standard for preschool education. Section of the main educational program of a preschool educational organization of the educational region "Artistic and aesthetic development", section "Visual activities"", senior teacher N.V. Goloshchuk.
2. “Development of creative abilities of children of primary preschool age through the use of waste material,” additional education teacher N.V. Bakunina.
3. “Introducing children to art,” teachers O. G. Sabaeva, S. V. Semenova.
4. “Millefiori - an amazing technique for working with plasticine in kindergarten,” teacher T. S. Oreshina.
5. “The Magic World of Napkins”, teacher O. B. Sokova.
6. “Development of creative abilities and giftedness of children through additional education,” additional education teacher I. A. Tokareva.
7. “Fascinating drawing using non-traditional techniques with children 4–7 years old,” additional education teacher M. K. Filyushina.
8. “Artistic and aesthetic development of young children,” additional education teacher N. Yu. Chekmeneva.
9. Materials of a master class on drawing on the topic “Spring Landscape”, teacher Z. A. Kostenko.
10. Summaries of continuous educational activities:
- for a group of different ages on the topic “Creating a painting-illustration for the fairy tale “Kolobok””, teacher A. Yu. Smirnova;
- for children of the older group on the topic “A happy holiday - Easter”, teacher A. Yu. Sryvkina.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FweVo2QjRNTDBWUlE?usp=sharing
6. Northern administrative district. GBOU School No. 2098.
Topics of speeches:
1. “The use of computer technologies in working with preschoolers,” teacher N. L. Mamaeva, additional education teacher A. L. Vorobyova.
2. “Using the co-creation method in working with younger preschoolers,” teacher A. A. Razvalova.
3. “Use of textured paper in the application process,” teacher O. Yu. Trandina.
4. “Use of quest technology as an interactive educational environment to enhance creative activity in preschool children,” teacher N. A. Sokolova.
5. “Depiction of a person by preschool children,” teacher Yu. A. Mamontova.
6. Scenario of entertainment for children of senior preschool age “City of Masters”, music director L. E. Kolomin.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwMTlGckgyMHRXU3c?usp=sharing
7. North-Western Administrative District. GBOU School No. 1874.
Topics of speeches:
1. “FSES DO. Educational field “Artistic and Aesthetic Development”, section “Visual Activities”, senior teacher M. N. Vasilyeva.
2. “Technologies for the development of children’s visual creativity in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education,” teacher E. I. Ptushka.
3. “Organization of independent artistic and creative activities of preschool children,” teachers G. V. Chemodanova, V. V. Shiltsina.
4. “Formation of design as a universal mental ability underlying creativity,” teacher I. N. Kazakova.
5. “Interaction with parents on the artistic and aesthetic development of preschool children,” teacher S. V. Ermakova.
6. “Kinetic sand. Development of creative abilities of preschool children,” teacher E. V. Lapotnikova, senior teacher S. A. Avanesova.
7. Summaries of continuous educational activities:
- in the senior group on the theme “Golden Khokhloma”, teacher V.V. Shiltsina, music director O.F. Bezlepkina;
- in the preparatory group on the topic “Miracle Sand”, teacher E.V. Lapotnikova, senior teacher S.A. Avanesova.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwSHl1WFJnWUdPZzg?usp=sharing
8. North-Eastern Administrative District. GBOU School No. 1412.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Introducing preschoolers to art,” teacher N. L. Mamykina.
2. “Isotherapy is the mirror of the soul,” educational psychologist A. Yu. Zozulinskaya.
3. “Creating conditions for the artistic and aesthetic development of children,” educators T. V. Sokolkova, N. N. Mareeva.
4. “Master class as a form of interaction between family and kindergarten,” teachers E. V. Potapova, A. Yu. Shevchuk.
5. “Development of creative abilities of children of senior preschool age through application using the Iris Folding technique,” teachers N.V. Zhukova, N.S. Kireeva.
6. “Plasticineography as a method for developing fine motor skills in children,” teachers N.V. Ostologova, E.I. Chernyshova.
7. “Use of non-traditional drawing techniques in kindergarten,” teacher T. V. Borisova.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B17F1yvuel8bZVFRbXdpTDNFSDg?usp=sharing
9. North-Eastern Administrative District. GBPOU "1st IOC".
Topics of speeches:
1. “FSES DO. Section of the main educational program of the preschool educational organization of the educational region "Artistic and aesthetic development", section "Visual activities"", senior teacher Yu. V. Mamelina, teacher I. A. Legashova.
2. “Methods of drawing houses in different age groups,” teacher I. A. Legashova.
3. Summaries of continuous educational activities in drawing:
- in the younger group on the topic “Fluffy Chickens”, teacher T. A. Garbuzova;
- in the preparatory group for school on the topic “Poppies”, teacher F. A. Kutsenko;
- in a preparatory group for school on the topic “Painting a Zhostovo tray”, teacher N.M. Silkina.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwMUIwQ2g2QlRvNjA?usp=sharing
10. North-Eastern administrative district. GBOU Gymnasium No. 1503.
Topics of speeches:
1. “The use of a variety of visual materials to develop children’s creative abilities,” teachers E. A. Lubina, V. V. Ulitina.
2. “Modern educational technologies in the system of work to familiarize children with folk arts and crafts,” teacher E. V. Khamidullina.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwVHhOeURBQ1haWWc?usp=sharing
11. North-Eastern Administrative District. GBOU School No. 285.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. Educational field “Artistic and aesthetic development”. Section “Visual activities”, senior teacher N. A. Atroshchenko.
2. “The use of project activities in the artistic and aesthetic development of preschool children. Creative project “Fairy Tale, Come to Life”, social teacher A.V. Vitukhina.
3. “Non-traditional techniques in working with paper,” teacher V. N. Chukanova.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwQ3dqQzFQakJVWFE?usp=sharing
12. North-Eastern Administrative District. GBOU Gymnasium No. 1577.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Visual activity. Modeling”, teacher A.K. Klubkova.
2. “Methods of teaching drawing to preschool children,” teacher O. E. Koroleva.
3. “Visual activities. Application”, teacher O. S. Yakovleva.
4. Summary of continuous educational activities in the preparatory group for school on the topic “Journey to the world of art”, teacher M. A. Fedotova, teacher-organizer E. G. Ilyicheva.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwZ2NtMWpxMnA3MnM?usp=sharing
13. North-Eastern Administrative District. GBOU TsO No. 1449.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Development and realization of the creative potential of children of senior preschool age through non-traditional technologies of visual activity,” teacher S. V. Struchkova.
2. “Plasticineography as a means of developing artistic and creative abilities in preschool children,” teacher T. E. Chikanova.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwR2FfOVJzczlnVnM?usp=sharing
14. Southern Administrative District. GBOU School No. 1034.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Development of the creative abilities of a child with disabilities,” speech therapist M. B. Rabinovich, teacher L. Z. Gudkova.
2. Summary of continuous educational activities in the visual arts preparatory group for school, teachers E. E. Evseenkova, G. E. Zorina.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwaFp3ckNneF9DV2M?usp=sharing
15. South-Eastern Administrative District. GBOU School No. 2092.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. Educational field “Artistic and Aesthetic Development”, section “Visual Activities”, senior methodologist G. R. Gasanova.
2. “Virtual excursions to the museum as a means of developing aesthetic feelings in preschoolers,” teacher Kh. R. Baladze.
3. “Introducing children to the origins of folk art through visual activities,” methodologist A. Z. Sungatullina.
4. “Didactic games for artistic and aesthetic development through decorative and applied arts,” teacher O. O. Semikop.
5. “Do-it-yourself theater”, teacher E. S. Pomazkova.
6. Summary of continuous educational activities in drawing for children of the middle group “Dandelion”, teacher E. A. Zakharova.
7. Video material on a role-playing game on the theme “Art Gallery”, teachers S. S. Mikeshina, E. I. Sergeeva, O. V. Leontyeva.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwODRLZzFyd2RBVFE?usp=sharing
16. South-Eastern Administrative District. GBOU Gymnasium No. 491.
Topics of speeches:
1. “Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. Educational area “Artistic and Aesthetic Development”, section “Visual Activities”, head of the preschool department E. A. Smirnova, teacher E. S. Kapitanova.
2. “Visual activities. Drawing”, teacher L. E. Kovalevich.
3. “Applique in kindergarten: development of thinking, sense of proportion, fine motor skills,” teachers G. K. Vinogradova, T. A. Litvinenko.
4. “Modeling in kindergarten: development of figurative ideas, constructive abilities, imagination,” teacher A. V. Serova.
5. “Decorative and applied arts as one of the means of developing the creative abilities of preschool children,” teacher A. F. Nikolaeva.
6. Summary of continuous educational activities in drawing in the senior group on the topic “Gorodets miracles”, teacher L.P. Sivachenko.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwMHRFcjhZcTFJbXM?usp=sharing
17. South-Western Administrative District. GBOU School No. 1492-1.
Topics of speeches:
1. Outline of a master class on the topic “Making hairpins from satin ribbons,” teacher G. M. Navruzbekova.
2. Summaries of continuous educational activities:
- in the junior group on an application on the topic “The rocket is ready to fly,” teacher L. A. Medvedeva;
- in the preparatory group for school on the topic “Easter Egg”, teacher K. A. Zharkova, teacher-speech therapist N. A. Mikheeva.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FweDBPZFhhV1lsclU?usp=sharing
18. South-Western Administrative District. GBOU School No. 1492-2.
Topics of speeches:
1. Outline of the master class for teachers “Magic Clay”, teachers E. V. Dyachkova, T. V. Bayukina.
2. Summaries of continuous educational activities:
— in the preparatory school drawing group “Wish Tree”, teacher N.V. Shishaeva;
- in the preparatory group for school on the topic “Space Travel”, teacher L. Ya. Kalinina.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwbEpZMXZuLXF6b1U?usp=sharing
19. South-Western Administrative District. GBOU School No. 46.
Topics of speeches:
1. “FSES DO. Section of the main educational program of a preschool educational organization of the educational region “Artistic and Aesthetic Development”, section “Visual Activities”, senior teacher E. A. Lozhkina.
2. “Folk art is a means of artistic and aesthetic education of preschool children,” teacher I. V. Mishina, music director I. M. Volodkina.
3. “Fabric appliqué as a means of developing artistic creativity in preschool children,” teacher N. R. Sapronova.
4. Summaries of continuous educational activities:
- in the younger group on the topic “Chicken”, teacher Yu. V. Bazhenova;
- in a preparatory school group on the topic “Space Landscape”, teacher I. V. Golovleva.
The event materials can be found at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0Bwy77u-Zt1FwT2F5SW51QXBhUUE?usp=sharing
Organization of children's visual activities in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard up to
Irina Lazareva
Organization of children's visual activities in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard up to
1. Artistic and aesthetic development is the most important aspect of raising a child. It
contributes to the enrichment of sensory experience, the emotional sphere of the individual, influences the knowledge of the moral side of reality, and increases cognitive activity.
Aesthetic development is the result of aesthetic education. A component of this process is art education - the process of mastering art knowledge, abilities, skills, and developing abilities for artistic creativity.
2. The leading pedagogical idea of artistic and aesthetic development is the creation
an educational system focused on personal development through familiarization with spiritual values, through involvement in creative activities .
The system of work on artistic and aesthetic development consists of interconnected components:
updating the content of education (program “Childhood”
and technology);
creating conditions for artistic and aesthetic development (staffing, educational and methodological support, creation of a subject-development environment);
organization of the educational process (work with children and parents)
;
coordination of work with other institutions and organizations .
3. Artistic and aesthetic development involves the development of prerequisites for the value-semantic perception and understanding of works of art (verbal, musical, visual , natural world; the formation of an aesthetic attitude towards the surrounding world; the formation of elementary ideas about types of art; the perception of music, fiction, folklore; stimulation empathy for the characters of works of art; implementation of independent creative activity of children in drawing , appliqué and modeling.
See paragraph 2.6. GEF DO .
4.Main goals and objectives:
Formation of interest in the aesthetic side of the surrounding reality, aesthetic attitude towards objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, works of art; nurturing interest in artistic and creative activities .
children's aesthetic feelings , artistic perception, figurative ideas, imagination, artistic and creative abilities.
Development of children's artistic creativity, interest in independent creativity
activities ( visual , constructive-model, musical, etc.); satisfying children's needs for self-expression .
5. The purpose of the visual arts children’s creative potential , develop interest in artistic activities , develop aesthetic perception, imagination, artistic and creative abilities, independence, and activity.
The organization of a subject-development environment for the development of visual activities in accordance with the federal educational standard of preschool education meets the following requirements :
Saturation
The developmental environment for organizing visual arts has a variety of materials, equipment and supplies. It ensures the creative activity of all pupils, their emotional well-being, aesthetic development and the opportunity for self-expression.
Safety
The equipment must correspond to the age characteristics of children (taking into account the requirements of anthropometry , psycho-physiology of perception of color, shape, size). It is necessary to ensure storage of sharp and cutting objects (pencils, scissors)
in specially designated cases, boxes, cabinets.
When organizing a corner for visual arts , the height of the tables and chairs must correspond to the height of the children and they must be placed so that when working behind them there is left-side lighting or, in extreme cases, the light falls from the front.
Table work surfaces MUST have a light-colored matte finish. Materials used for lining tables and chairs must have low thermal conductivity and be resistant to warm water. The size of the wall board is 0.75-1.5 meters, the height of the lower edge of the wall board above the floor is 0.7-0.8 meters.
Transformability of space
It assumes the possibility of changes in the subject-spatial environment depending on the educational situation. All elements of the visual arts can be transformed in a variety of ways. At the request of children, can be transformed into an “exhibition hall”
,
“gallery”
,
“workshop”
, etc.
Polyfunctionality of materials
Possibility of varied use of various components of the subject environment. For example, a box has been converted into an exhibition stand for displaying creative works.
Environmental Variability
Availability of various spaces for the implementation of visual activities . Periodic rotation, renewal of the subject-developmental environment, its aesthetic and intellectual saturation, taking into account the specifics of the child’s perception, allows us to solve the problems of developing children’s .
Environment Availability
The environment should be organized so that the materials and equipment necessary for children to carry out any activity are either in the child's field of view or accessible so that he can take them without turning to an adult for help. At the same time, it is very important to teach children to put all materials back in their place. Consumables must be aesthetic, intact, and clean. Exhibition areas must be accessible to children.
6. Pedagogical requirements for the subject-developmental environment for organizing a corner of visual activities .
- a unified style in design, making it attractive to children ;
— the presence of appropriate decorative elements;
— ensuring the emotional well-being of a child and an adult;
— taking into account the age and gender characteristics of children , both in the content of the materials and in the organization of space .
— quantitative composition of items and materials (the presence and number of relevant items is compared with the standard);
— the presence of a variety of artistic materials, their replacement, addition, quality, appearance;
— pedagogical expediency ( compliance with the purpose and objectives of aesthetic education);
— accessibility of material for children , convenient location.
Middle preschool age
In middle preschool age, the subject-spatial environment is organized according to the principle of semi-closed microspaces in order to avoid crowding of children (small subgroups of 2-4 children)
.
Experts already classify drawings and plastic works children of the visual stage . They are distinguished by primitive expressiveness, which is associated both with the characteristics of perception and with the skill of the child. Children's ideas about an object differ in many ways from the object itself and do not reflect all its qualities, but only certain aspects, sometimes those that made the greatest impression on the child.
And these ideas are constantly changing, transforming and generalizing. Therefore, children reproduce in a drawing not what they saw, but what they imagined, imagined, and for this they can use a variety of visual materials .
of the image created by him does not matter to the child . At the same time, children need to be taught the technique of painting. This can be done not only by painting over a drawing made independently, but also by using special stencils and albums. Therefore, starting from the middle group, these benefits are included in the list. To do this, when working with children in visual arts in the classroom and in free activities, they must
visual and plastic materials should be widely represented (sanguine, sauces, charcoal pencil, colored paper, salt dough, etc.)
. In the middle group, at the beginning of the year they are given pencils of 6 colors, and by the end of the year a set of twelve pencils (orange, purple, dark red, pink, blue, light green are added).
Psychological and pedagogical research conducted indicates the great capabilities 4-5 year old children
- by the age of four, the child’s visual analyzer is quite well formed, and children are able to distinguish various colors and shades and know their names;
- at this age, the ability to perceive color is most clearly manifested;
- children are able to express their attitude towards objects using color and consciously
use color to create images that are emotionally meaningful to them.
Obviously, the ability to perceive color is of great practical importance for a child of this age. Thanks to color, even the most imperfect works are transformed, and children experience joy and a sense of satisfaction from their work. But this requires special equipment and materials (palettes, large amounts of white, etc.)
.
Thus, it is obvious that changes in the general mental development of a child in the fifth year of life and taking into account the specific features of the constructive and visual activities of children require changes in materials and equipment for productive activities . to teach children in drawing classes and in the process of daily, free activities
at tables that are placed in a circle or in the letter “P”
. There should also be a place for the teacher at the tables. It is believed that such preparation of jobs corresponds to the characteristics of age. Children 4-5 years old
urgently need the timely participation of an adult (support, help, advice)
.
And the school type of furniture arrangement psychologically separates children from each other and puts the teacher in the position of a teacher, and not a kind mentor, ready to help the child at any moment. The tables are covered with oilcloths, all available scissors, PVA glue, paper (white, colored, checkered, lined, wrapping, etc.)
.
At the beginning of the year, together with their parents, children make a pencil case handbag (with a zipper, buttons, etc.)
. These bags are given to children and the brushes are labeled by parents.
Jars for washing brushes (large - 0.5 l - for washing "black" and small - 0.25 l - for rinsing) can be shared and, together with gouache sets, stored in the lower part of the teacher's closet, so that after classes the children could put them back in place. Our observations showed that this approach to storing and using visual materials turned out to be extremely useful, as it promotes organization and the formation in each child of a caring attitude towards materials and a sense of personal responsibility for their condition.
Children's works are first demonstrated on a stand in a group, and after complete drying they are made available to the children . They can store them in individual folders, take them home, or leave them in the group. During appliqué classes, traditional equipment is used (oilcloth, glue, brushes, rags, etc.)
. Along with colored paper, we recommend using pieces of starched fabric, candy wrappers, and other material. PVA glue can be used when working with children aged four to five years.
For children of middle and senior preschool age, 3-4 types of works of folk art are selected, in the process of perceiving which children could feel the plasticity of form, the connection between the purpose of an object and its decoration, and get acquainted with various elements of pattern, color, and composition. For this purpose, the following can be used: Dymkovo clay toy, works of Khokhloma and Gorodets craftsmen, etc. At the same time, it is desirable that children are first introduced to the work of those folk craftsmen who live in this region,
city, town. Practical assistance in introducing children to folk art will be provided to teachers by the educational and visual aid by A. A. Gribovskaya “For Children about Folk Art.” (M.: Education, 2001)
.
6. Teachers can use any highly artistic works of literature
graphics and reproductions, the content of which is recommended by the program, are understandable to children and evoke an emotional response in them.
Literature:
Materials and equipment for kindergarten. A manual for kindergarten library teachers.
