Appliqué lesson in the senior group
The implementation of applications in the senior group is based mainly on a combination of different geometric shapes
This is interesting. Applique is a very ancient art form. Initially, our ancestors used it to appease the gods and performed it on animal skins as a basis. For the image itself, fur, leaves, etc. were used. In the Middle Ages, applique became the property of knights, who, by making amulets, protected themselves from the enemy. Today, appliqué is considered an integral attribute of children's creative development.
Applications are perceived by many adults as one of the ways to keep children busy and to please their relatives with touching crafts - they say, the day in kindergarten was not in vain. But in fact, the role of this type of composition is much more significant. After all, the application develops
- logical thinking (by reinforcing the concepts of geometric shapes, children try to transform them from one to another, for example, from a circle to a hexagon);
- creative abilities (as well as a sense of composition, because the children will have to correctly and beautifully distribute the details on the base sheet);
- ability to work in a team and benefit from the experience of other people;
- the ability to independently cut out parts;
- develops finger motor skills and visual acuity;
- promotes neatness.
Tasks
The teacher’s goal is to involve children in the preparatory stage as much as possible, as this develops in them
- responsibility for the quality of the result (if you haven’t prepared some detail in advance, then the craft may not work out at all);
- ability to plan your work;
- sense of time (when you need to calculate how much to spend on preparation so that there is time left for creativity).
Preparatory stage on the topic
Children should definitely be involved in the preparation of appliqué classes, so they will develop responsibility for the results of their work
The imagination of a kindergarten teacher can only be compared with the imagination of the child himself.
Materials
To make applications as part of the study of modes of transport, in particular trolleybuses, you can use
- paper;
- cardboard (including thick paper, which is used for packaging men's shirts);
- pieces of fabric;
- plasticine;
- natural materials (for example, leaves, pine cones, acorns), etc.
These materials can be used both for making the trolleybus itself and for the base for the picture. To decorate or decorate a trolleybus (for example, an advertising banner on the body), you can offer sequins, adhesive rhinestones, colored confetti, etc.
Of course, without the material and technical base there will be no work. So little creators need to be provided
- comfortable chairs standing near the tables;
- necessary supplies (scissors, glue, tablecloth for creativity).
What size parts are appropriate?
Despite the fact that children in the older group are almost adults, it is still difficult for them to work with crafts whose dimensions exceed the parameters of a standard A4 sheet. So in the case of a trolleybus, you should limit the size of the base and the figure itself. Since in the process of work it is necessary to repeat information about geometric shapes, the size of small parts should be such that children can not only turn, for example, a circle into a hexagon, but also be able to count the angles of the resulting figure without covering it entirely with their own fingers. So the optimal applique size is A4 for the base and ½ A 4 for the trolleybus itself.
What can children do?
The guys in the older group already have an idea of working with applications: they often do it in class. So it is quite reasonable that the preparation of parts and accessories falls on their shoulders. Thus, kids can be given a number of instructions.
- Prepare the necessary tools. Usually this is a special box in a closet in a group where scissors, glue, brushes, etc. are located, that is, the guys just have to take it out of the box and lay out everything that each “creator” needs.
- Organize your workspace. Cover the tables with oilcloth and position a chair so that it is comfortable to sit and work.
- Cut the blanks according to the pattern suggested by the teacher. If we are talking about paper applique, then these are circles-wheels, a rectangle-interior, squares-windows, as well as strips for rod-collectors (what we call “horns”).
Motivation
As a motivating task, you can illustrate the movements of finger gymnastics with a short poem about a trolleybus
In order for the preparatory stage not to absorb all the enthusiasm of little artists, the little ones need to be properly motivated before starting to perform the actual application. There are several options that can be used alone or in different combinations.
Survey
To begin with, you should ask the kids how they get to the kindergarten. After the answers “by car”, “by bus”, etc. follow, we can move on to the conclusion that all these types of modes of transportation are called “transport”. And the last “bridge” to the topic: a task to list the types of transport known to children.
Riddle poems
Children love to answer in chorus.
For example,
I'm running, holding on to the wires
I will never get lost!
- Oh, what a long mustache! You can get hooked! Why don't you, my friend, shave in the morning!? -What are these strange words? I don’t have a mustache, but two! “The most important thing for us is the mustache!” - Everyone will say troll-boo-sy!
Fairy tales
This is one of the most effective techniques not only to motivate children to complete a task, but also to develop the speech of little toddlers.
Ponomarenko Elena, https://www.neizvestniy-geniy.ru/cat/literature/skazki/284445.html
The Tale of the Sad Trolleybus
| In one city fleet there lived different cars: buses, trolleybuses, taxis. They all served the people faithfully and reliably. We got up very early, with the first rays of the awakening sun, and went to bed very late, when the night had cast a starry blanket over the city, when all the girls and boys had been asleep for a long time and were seeing wonderful dreams. New Year was approaching. The most fabulous and joyful holiday in the world. Decorated forest beauty trees sparkled in the houses. Balls and Christmas tree decorations sparkled, and the garlands on the city Christmas tree set up in the square sparkled and shimmered in the light. The city was waiting for the approach of the holiday, gifts for small and large - everyone, everyone, everyone from Father Frost and the Snow Maiden. More and more often, children clapped their hands in delight at the multi-colored rockets and loud firecrackers flying into the sky. But the old trolleybus had none of this and therefore it stood sad and was no longer happy about anything. The seats in his cabin were old, and almost all of them had been cut up by thin, sharp razors by bad boys. Someone was constantly littering the cabin: seeds and pieces of paper were lying here and there. People didn’t want the trolleybus to be clean, comfortable, and that made him even sadder, he even wanted to cry. By morning, the frost moved through the trees, grew frost on them, silvered the needles of the pine trees, painted the windows of the trolleybus with wonderful, magical patterns, made him smile a little, just a little, just a little. - Why are you so sad? – Morozko asked him. - Everyone has a holiday, New Year is coming, but I don’t have a holiday. “I’m old, almost useless to anyone,” the trolleybus answered him. “It’s not right to celebrate the New Year like that!” Open the doors, please, and turn on the headlights, I will sweep you up, clear you of papers and seeds. “Please,” the trolleybus answered indifferently and opened the doors for Frost. Frost whistled, the wind swirled the debris and brought the trolleybus interior to perfect cleanliness. Blizzard wiped off the backs and seats with a white towel, wiped the dim light bulbs and they glowed brightly and cheerfully. The old trolleybus smiled, hummed with joy, and the engine started working. - Thank you, Morozko. “No, miracles are just beginning,” Morozko answered him. – Now, when you leave the car park and your horns touch the wires, don’t be afraid, I have prepared a small gift for you, New Year is coming soon. Frost and I will try to keep you from being sad. You'll see what happens. Blinking its clean headlights, the trolleybus looked around the interior in which it would today transport passengers - children and adults. The salon was clean and beautiful, it was time to go. The trolleybus slammed the doors, smiled again and drove out of the bus depot. And then a miracle happened. Crackling, the horns slowly moved along the stretched wires and glowed with a beautiful blue-blue light. - What is this? Miracles! “No,” Frost whistled after him. - These are fireworks in your honor! Not from firecrackers, not from rockets, but real blue-blue fireworks. Today he will accompany you everywhere. Accept your New Year's gift. Don't be sad! The old trolleybus, smiling, looked at the miracle gift. That's how Frost and his brother frost created a miracle! They brought back the old man’s smile, gave him a fabulous gift and a good mood for the whole day. “How important it is to start the day with a smile and end it smiling too!” - thought the old trolleybus and went on its way. |
Tale about Trolleybus
| In one southern city there lived a Trolleybus who liked to imagine himself as various animals and birds. “I am a big and important elephant,” he said, walking heavily up the mountain. “Darling, let’s hurry up, people are late,” the driver Kostya, a young, cheerful guy, hurried him. - It’s better to imagine that you are an ostrich. – Is an ostrich bigger than an elephant? - asked Trolleybus. “An ostrich runs faster.” “Well, then I’m an ostrich,” he agreed and rushed so that the passengers fell on each other. “Be careful,” Kostya asked. – Try to turn into a kangaroo, and imagine that all the passengers are your children. – Where do kangaroos live, are there trolleybuses? - asked the Trolleybus - Yes, - answered Kostya, although he didn’t know for sure whether there were Trolleybuses in Australia - And they are beautiful, - asked the Trolleybus - You are still more beautiful, - answered Kostya And this was the true truth, because every morning Kostya watched to ensure that the sides of the Trolleybus were cleanly washed, and the windows sparkled with sunbeams. “I am a caring mother of Kangaroo,” the trolleybus told Kostya, slowed down and smoothly approached the stop. “The Yunost Cinema is the final stop,” announced the driver Kostya, and passengers poured out of the trolleybus like baby kangaroos from a bag. “It’s starting to rain,” the trolleybus said. “I’ll get wet.” – Imagine that you are a hippopotamus and swimming on a hot summer day, hippos love water very much. The trolleybus, snorting and shaking off the water, rushed through the streets. At night in a deserted and dark park, in order not to feel lonely, the trolleybus reassured himself: “I’m a bear, I sleep in my own den and I’m not at all bored or scared.” The time until morning did not last so long then. He also liked to imagine himself as a singing crane, and the bars, moving to another line, did not grind, but whistled gently like a bird. But one day, Kostya was summoned by telegram to his brother’s wedding. Kostya took a vacation and went north to Murmansk. Another driver was assigned to the trolleybus - the gloomy Uncle Petya, who was constantly concerned about the difficult economic situation in the country, but was especially angry after yesterday's quarrel with his wife over delayed salaries. - I am a gray wolf, I will eat you! - the trolleybus told Uncle Petya. “And you’re in the same place,” Uncle Petya got angry and hit the steering wheel with all his might. The trolleybus was offended and stopped. No matter how Uncle Petya hit the wheels or slammed the hinged lids, he did not move. In the trolleybus depot, the best repairmen worked their magic on the mechanisms for a long time, found nothing and left the trolleybus alone. The trolleybus hid in the farthest corner of the park and began to wait to be sent for scrap. But finally Kostya returned. “Your trolleybus is broken,” the dispatcher told him, “go get another car.” Kostya was upset and thought that maybe he could still do something for his friend. He searched for it for a long time until he discovered a dirty and abandoned trolleybus among broken down cars near the fence. Kostya washed the trolleybus inside and out, installed the bars and turned on the engine. “I’m an angry and scary gray wolf,” Trolleybus told Kostya not very confidently, “And I’ll eat you.” “Don’t eat me, gray wolf,” Kostya smiled as usual, “Let’s sing a song instead.” “I missed you so much,” Trolleybus complained. “Me too,” Kostya sighed and asked: “What are we going to sing?” - A song about me, that is, about a pink elephant. I am now a mighty but kind elephant. “Let’s talk about you,” Kostya agreed, and they sang in chorus: “Where the baobab trees came out on the slope. There lived a pink elephant in a clearing.” “Today I am the happiest Trolleybus,” thought the Trolleybus, leaving the park, and like a white ship sailed along the city streets. |
Pictures, posters depicting a trolleybus
Visualization is a mandatory element when working with applications. Moreover, these should be both drawn versions and photographs depicting real trolleybuses.
Observation
If possible, during a walk you can watch real trolleybuses, discuss their design, talk about current and wires. If this is not possible, then you can devote a few minutes of play time to looking at toy trolleybuses and comparing them with already known buses.
Lesson note plan
In the lesson notes on application, it is necessary to indicate the time allotted for each stage.
First, we formulate the goals and objectives of the lesson. For example, goals: to continue work on constructing geometric shapes according to a model, to teach how to cut circles by cutting off corners from square shapes, to develop an interest in artistic activities.
Tasks could be the following: teach children to make circles from squares, continue to develop the skill of working with scissors, and instill neatness and accuracy in work.
As for the formulation of a mandatory element of any lesson in the senior group related to speech development, on the application it can be vocabulary work (familiarity with the concepts of “gasoline”, “ground transport”, “schedule”, “stop”)
After the introductory part, we move directly to the course of the lesson, which includes three stages:
- introduction or motivation - rhymes, fairy tales (no more than 7 minutes);
- the main part is doing crafts together with the teacher (18 minutes);
- the final stage is summing up, the teacher praises the children, a spontaneous exhibition of works is formed on the magnetic board (5 minutes).
Example of a summary
If there is very little time for the application, then you can invite parents to complete the task at home: find suitable pictures and stick them on the base cardboard to make a trolleybus
GCD for the “Trolleybus” application in the senior group
Oksana Starodubets
GCD for the “Trolleybus” application in the senior group
Program content:
Goal: To develop children’s ability to convey the characteristic features of a trolleybus.
Tasks:
— Learn to transform shapes by cutting a strip into identical rectangles-windows, cutting corners, cutting wheels from squares, adding characteristic details to images (trolleybus bar).
— Learn to use scissors carefully, follow safety precautions, learn to work with glue, and use napkins.
— Develop a sense of composition (develop the ability to correctly and beautifully arrange parts on a sheet of paper).
— Reinforce the concept of “passenger transport” and “urban transport”.
Tools: A picture - a trolleybus, a landscape sheet for the background, scissors, a glue stick, a napkin for each child, a ready-made model of a trolleybus (applique) for a sample, colored paper blanks: large rectangles for the car, small rectangles for the windows, squares for the wheels, pictures with animals and people, video clip: “Urban transport”, multimedia equipment.
Preliminary work: Conversations about passenger transport, reading poetry, guessing riddles. Observing transport on walks, looking at illustrations, using toy transport in games.
Vocabulary work: activation of adjectives: passenger, mobile, electric, urban.
GCD move.
Creating a favorable environment and a positive attitude.
Educator: Guys, smile, look at each other, give your friends your smiles. Everyone is in a great mood, right?
Guys, guess the riddle:
This is city transport,
It carries everyone, but here’s the problem:
He doesn't step aside
It goes where the wires are. (Trolleybus)
Looking at a picture of a trolleybus. Pay attention to the appearance, what this type of transport is intended for. As well as minibuses, trams and buses.
Educator: Guys, what can you call a trolleybus, tram, bus, minibus in one word?
Children: Transport.
Educator: that's right, guys, well done, what kind of transport is this, what is it intended for?
Children: to carry passengers. This means this is a passenger transport.
Educator: What is the difference between a bus, a tram and a trolleybus?
Children: The bus travels on the road, the tram on rails, and the trolleybus on wires.
Educator: Look at the trolleybus. What parts does it consist of?
Children: carriage, wheels, headlights.
Educator: What shape does the carriage and wheels have?
Children: the car is a rectangle, the wheels are circle.
Educator: Well done, guys! Now let's see how passenger transport drives along the city streets.
Watch the video “Urban transport”.
Educator: Guys, you have Dienesh blocks on your table, I suggest you choose the necessary parts and lay out the trolleybus on your tables.
Children complete the task.
Surprise moment.
Educator: Guys, they just brought me a letter for us, let's read it.
The teacher reads the letter: “Hello, guys. A traffic inspector from the city of Yekaterinburg is writing to you. I am turning to you with a request - all the trolleybuses in our city have broken down, there is only one left. Could you help us?
Educator: Guys, how can we help the traffic inspector?
Children: we will make trolleybuses.
Educator: Guys, before we start work, let's stretch our fingers:
Finger gymnastics “Transport”
Bus, trolleybus, car, tram -
Don’t forget about them on the street (connecting your fingers in turn with your thumb).
In the seas - ships, icebreakers, vessels (the same with the fingers of the other hand)
They very rarely come here.
Educator: Guys, you are so great! Now let's sit down at the tables.
Look, everyone has geometric shapes on their table. Guys, what geometric shapes do you see?
Children: Square, rectangle.
Educator: That's right, guys.
Let us remember the rules for working with scissors.
We pass the scissors rings first. We cut the paper over the table. We don’t wave scissors; after work, we immediately put them away, closing the blades.
For a large rectangle, we round off the upper corners; this will be the car of our trolleybus; for a square, we round off all four corners and get a circle - these will be the wheels. We cut the rectangular strip into three parts - these will be three windows.
The teacher demonstrates the technique.
Educator: After cutting out all the parts, we carefully glue the car, smoothing it with a napkin, then glue the wheels and windows.
Look what we're missing? That's right, there are not enough wires (rods) along which the trolleybus travels. We will draw them with a felt-tip pen.
Educator: Guys, let's get to work. What do we do first?
Children: cut out the blanks, then glue the parts onto the sheet. We follow safety precautions when working with scissors.
During the work, the teacher monitors the correct posture of the children.
Helps children who find it difficult to complete a task, prompts, guides.
If desired, children glue the heads of different animals and people's faces to the windows of the trolleybus.
The result of GCD.
Educator: Guys, what did we do today?
Children: Trolleybuses for the city of Yekaterinburg.
Educator: What else did we do?
Children: Guessed a riddle, looked at pictures, assembled a trolleybus from Dienesh blocks.
Educator: Well done, you tried very hard today!
What beautiful trolleybuses you have made! The traffic inspector will be very happy! Now let’s put the workplace in order, put everything back in its place, thank you everyone!
Lesson notes on the application “Funny Trolleybus”
| Goal: Development of children's constructive abilities Objectives: – Improve knowledge of round, rectangular and square shapes. -Learn to transform shapes by cutting a rectangle into squares. – Teach children to use scissors carefully and work with glue. – To develop the ability to correlate one’s actions with the actions of an adult. – To consolidate the concept of “passenger transport”, “urban transport”, its types. Preliminary work: use of ICT, conversations about passenger transport, looking at pictures of a trolleybus , reading poetry, riddles. Vocabulary work: activation of adjectives: passenger, mobile, electric, urban. Progress of educational activities Educator: Guys, please look at these pictures. Tell me what is shown on them? Children: Bus, trolleybus , tram, minibus. Educator: Correct, but how can all this be called in one word? Children: Transport. Educator: What kind of transport is this? Children: Passenger, city. Educator: Why do we call it that? Children: Because it transports people - passengers. Educator: Okay, well done. Educator: Who saw the trolleybus ? (Children's answers). Guys, come to the computer and I will show you a trolleybus that travels along the city streets. Knock on the door Teacher: Guys, the postman just brought me a letter, now I’ll read it to you. (Reads the letter) “Hello guys! The Krasnodar traffic inspector is writing to you. I am making a request: unforeseen circumstances arose in Krasnodar, trolleybuses and there was only one left. And therefore, many adults and children cannot get to work, kindergarten, or school. I hope for your help. Goodbye, thank you for early.” Educator: Guys, are you ready to help? (Children's answers) Educator: Well done, I'm glad that you figured out how to help in this situation. Before we get to work, let's exercise our fingers. Finger gymnastics: Transport We will squeeze our fingers. We will call transport: Car, helicopter, tram, bus, plane. We clenched five fingers into a fist and named five types of transport. The teacher asks questions: What parts does the trolleybus ? Children: From the carriage, windows, doors, wheels. Educator: How does the trolleybus ? Children: Pantograph. Educator: Who knows how a trolleybus differs from a bus? Children: The bus is fueled with gasoline, and the trolleybus runs on electricity. Educator: Now guys, let's get to work. (The teacher explains and shows techniques for cutting corners and folding a rectangle in half several times) Physical exercise “Name the transport” After the children have completed the task, the teacher suggests looking at the resulting work together. Educator: Guys! Look how we worked together and what wonderful trolleybuses we made ! Did you like trolleybuses ? Which one did you like best? Why? Do you think we helped the residents of Krasnodar? (Children's answers) |
Outline of a lesson on application on the topic “Trolleybus”
Application "trolleybus"
Target
: development of constructive abilities in children.
Tasks:
— consolidate children’s knowledge about different types of transport (water, air, land);
— consolidate knowledge about the specific features of the trolleybus structure;
- consolidate knowledge and ability to distinguish between different types of geometric shapes;
— improve the ability to independently work with glue and paper;
— develop a sense of composition (develop the ability to correctly and beautifully arrange parts on a sheet of paper).
Equipment and materials:
The teacher has: object pictures depicting various types of transport, including a trolleybus.
For children: a sheet of thick A5 paper, colored paper, glue, brush, oilcloth, napkins.
Progress of the lesson
Guys, today we will continue to study the topic “Transport”. Let's remember what types of transport you know? (children's answers).
Now guess the riddle, what kind of transport am I talking about?
“He has a mustache, like a beetle,
Passengers' best friend.
If there are wires above it,
Will take you anywhere"
That's right, well done - it's a trolleybus!
This morning I received a letter. Now I will read it to you. "Hello guys! The traffic inspector is writing to you. I appeal to you with a request: Unforeseen circumstances have arisen in the city, a trolleybus has broken down and there is only one left. A copy of it is in an envelope (the teacher takes out a sample of a trolleybus application from the envelope). Now many adults and children cannot get to work, kindergarten, or school. I hope for your help. Goodbye, thanks in advance."
Guys, are you ready to help? (Children's answers)
Let's remember how a trolleybus differs from a bus and a tram?
(children's answers).
Indeed, a Trolleybus is similar to a bus, only with horns (powered not by gasoline, but by electric wires), just like a regular bus, it travels along the road on wheels. A tram is a trailer that moves on rails and is also “powered” by electricity.
Let's then get our fingers ready for work and do a little warm-up!
"REFUELING"
All the cars in order drive up to the gas station: (Turn the steering wheel in front of you with both hands) A fuel truck, a garbage truck, a milk truck, a milk truck, a grain truck with fresh bread, and a heavy timber truck. (Fingers alternately, starting with the little finger, touch the palm).
Now let's get down to business! Let's look carefully again at what geometric shapes our trolleybus will consist of? Children's answers
Well done boys!
Now let’s take the bones in our hands and get to work. Let's remember how to work with glue correctly - carefully apply it to the paper, spreading the glue around the perimeter, carefully apply and press the appliqué parts onto a sheet of paper.
The procedure for making an application with a photo
The first example is a trolleybus with two windows.
After completing the application, it is worth making an exhibition of children's works so that the kids have an incentive for further work
Instructions:
- We show the children the toy.
- Let's start with the largest part - the interior. Take a large rectangle and round the top corners.
- From square blanks, rounding the corners, we make wheels.
- We attach them to the interior.
- We also apply the smallest window squares to a rectangle with a rounded top.
- We apply current collector strips to the top.
- Glue the parts to the base.
The next version is more complicated. It requires cutting and pasting not only windows, but also doors.
If in class the children have already made an appliqué bus, then making a trolleybus will not be difficult for them
Instructions:
- Take a large rectangle, do not round the corners.
- Glue it onto the base.
- Cut out 2 wheels (from squares).
- We glue rectangles of windows to the left and right of the interior body.
- Let's start gluing the doors.
- We take a rectangle, add a small rectangle to the narrow side - steps.
- In the middle we draw a line - a sliding door.
- Repeat steps 6–7 again for the second door.
- Glue the doors to the center of the wheels.
- There is another window between the doors.
