Unconventional drawing techniques. Lesson No. 4 “Monotype”

How diverse the world of art is! He has no boundaries and generously accepts any ideas, turning them into a separate direction of creativity. One of them is monotype - a drawing technique that combines printed graphics and painting, but is not an engraving.

The artist applies an image with a brush to a flat metal surface, from which the design is imprinted onto damp paper under the pressure of an etching press. This design is unique because... its replication is impossible: only one high-quality print can be obtained from a flat form.

In this article we will tell you where this type of art comes from, what types of monotype there are, and how to learn this drawing technique yourself. Welcome to the world of monotype!

The history of the appearance of monotype

Monotype, translated from Greek, literally means “one print,” but, judging by historical data, it did not originate in Greece: the first engraving prints without a black outline appeared in the 11th century in China. These were the simplest types of monotype.

For a long time, monotype was an additional technique to the main graphic techniques. The first color print was made by the Dutch artist Hercules Seghers: he painted over metal engravings (etchings) with colored paints. This is how unique prints were obtained, which served as the beginning of the development of this type of art.

This technique of depicting a drawing was adopted and improved by the Italian artist and graphic artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione. It is he who is credited with the invention of monotype. Castiglione painted the plate with ink and, after the paint had completely dried, cut out the image with a sharp tool and printed it on paper.

“The Creation of Adam” is one of the most famous monotypes of the Italian painter. The painting depicts God emerging from a cloud with white angular strokes. And in the darkness, Adam is depicted with thin flowing lines. This masterpiece was created using black ink, a plate and a blunt instrument (stick or brush handle) [Art Institute Chicago, 2020]:

More than a hundred years later, the English artist, engraver, poet William Blake contributed to the development of monotype: he varnished the drawing on a copper board. He filled the areas empty of varnish with acid, so that the outline of the design protruded above the smooth background. Next, Blake transferred the drawing with a print to the board. This is how zincography appeared - a convex etching.

Despite all the artistic experiments, monotype began to emerge as a separate direction only in the 19th century thanks to Edgar Degas, a French artist. He created many works using this technique. Degas loved to experiment: he was the first to use a transparent board in a monotype; it made it easier to control the work process.

The artist published manuals on monotype, presented his works at exhibitions, and the circle of those interested in monotype began to gradually expand [N. Kuznetsov, 2010].

In Russia, Elizaveta Kruglikova is considered the founder of monotype. While in Paris for about 25 years, she created about five hundred prints on various subjects. The largest series of works made using the monotype technique is the “Flowers” ​​series; it includes more than a hundred prints [P. Kornilov, 1969].

In the 20th century, color and the material used began to take on special importance in art. Thus, Yuri Velikanov, a student of Elizaveta Kruglikova, created monotypes dedicated to the construction of a power plant on the Svir River.

Monotype gained particular popularity in the 1930s. Using this technique, Anatoly Suvorov created illustrations for Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s story “Nikita’s Childhood”:

Ada Rybachuk, an artist from Ukraine, came to the North in 1950 and was struck by the beauty of nature, which served as an incentive for inspiration and painting using the monotype technique. She created illustrations for the fairy tale “Little Unyany”:

Artists of the 20th century experimented in their creativity, worked with colored paints and found non-standard methods for performing monotypes. Vadim Frolov, an engraver, used waste from metal production in his works, and Valery Mishin, an artist from St. Petersburg, used real objects to create prints: plants, buttons, needles, snaps, etc. This is how the monoprint appeared.

Mikhail Tarkhanov, a graphic artist and designer, poured oil paints over water and then placed a sheet of paper on top. Using watercolor, ink, and pencil, he completed the missing images on the dried canvas. This is how a new direction of monotype appeared - aquatype.

Another original way of applying a picture was invented by Gennady Troshkov: he applied paints to glass or lithographic stone, and then transferred this paint to paper using a soft roller.

As you can see, since the advent of monotype, this type of creativity has undergone significant changes. Artists used various methods of drawing, which led to the emergence of new directions in the monotype technique. Let's look at each of them in more detail in the next section.

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History of the creation of monotype printing technology
Monotype is a unique printing technique that combines the qualities of printmaking and painting. Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (1609-1664) Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (Italian: Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione; 1607, Genoa - 1665, Mantua) - Italian artist and engraver, representative of the Genoese school. [edit] Studied with Van Dyck, Rubens, Bernardo Strozzi and Domenico Fetti. For the first time he used the monotype technique. The engraver's skill earned Castiglione the fame of the second Rembrandt. The main themes of the artist’s paintings are biblical scenes.[/td]

Monotype (from mono... and Greek - imprint) is a type of printed graphics, the invention of which is attributed to the Italian artist and engraver Giovanni Castiglione (1607-1665) .

The monotype technique consists of applying paints with a brush onto a perfectly smooth surface of a printing form (glass, plexiglass, plastic, metal plate), followed by printing on a machine or by hand under hand pressure or a roller; The print obtained on paper is always unique, unique and inimitable. Although there are often situations when working on creating a print from a plate, it is possible to achieve an even greater effect of beauty in the drawing than from the first print.

In psychology and pedagogy, the monotype technique is used to develop imagination in children of senior preschool age.

Monotype - Technique of freedom and Divine intervention!

When creating a monotype print (print), paint is applied to the surface. Place a sheet of paper on top and press it to the surface. An impression is formed on the paper with unusual patterns that cannot be repeated by the artist. The image on the print is random and spontaneous. After printing, the artist selects those prints that he liked or that satisfy him in terms of aesthetic appeal and subject matter. Of the many prints, only a very few are selected. Therefore, artists rarely use the monotype technique: it is quite labor-intensive and requires a large amount of materials and patience.

Materials and tools.

Materials: Glass or plastic, rubber roller or rolling pin, newspapers, paper, oil paint, spatula, sketch of a drawing, turpentine (thinner No. 4), clean rag.

Paints . This technique is omnivorous in relation to paints! Watercolor, gouache, tempera, acrylic, oil paints, etching, typographic, for complete tearing you can also use construction types of paints. Paints are used both with thinners and in pure form - depending on the task. The choice of surfaces from which impressions can be made is also wide and varied: paper, various types of cardboard, plastic of different thicknesses, plates of different metals - zinc-copper-steel-brass. Glass, hardboard and plywood! Canvas and wood, stone!!! The main thing is that the surface texture matches your tasks and goals. But the question of an internal feeling of what the surface should be like comes with your personal experience.

Paint is also applied to the surface using various tools: a roller, the artist’s hand and fingers, brushes, palette knives, various spatulas, including curly ones. Rollers with different textures are also used. And finally, whatever comes to your creative mind.

Etching machines are used to make prints from sheets of plastic and metal sheets. To make a print from a lithographic stone, a lithographic printing press is used.

To remove paint from the printed surface, they use everything from simple fabric to all sorts of specific materials: matches, steel sponge for cleaning dishes, ear sticks...

And finally, the types of surfaces on which the imprint is made: paper, various types - from plain to etched, colored papers, plastic, plywood, stone, glass, metal, artistic canvas and various fabrics. In general, there is reason for imagination.

Stylistic directions in monotype

(printed graphics)

The first method, one of the simplest, is also called “fractal monotype”

Take the hard surface of your choice, in a creative trance, apply paint with the tool you need, lay paper on top, press it on top with your hands or a rubber roller. Smoothly remove the sheet. Examine the resulting impression. As a rule, this method is quite difficult to manage. Especially if you use water-based paints: watercolor, gouache, acrylic, tempera. Then many artists, peering at the resulting print, try to see some image, landscape, composition and slightly modify the print, trying to enhance and reveal what they saw in the monotype.

There are several other ways or techniques for creating fractal monotypes.

First stage:
For work we will need the following materials: - white or tinted paper, you can use different types of paper - paints: gouache, watercolor, tempera, acrylic - bath for soap solution - soap solution - watercolor brushes (squirrel brush) or gouache (bristles) ) - a cloth for wiping paint from brushes and from the surface - plexiglass or regular glass - a jar of clean water - a palette for mixing colors
Second stage:

Next, we prepare a linear or tone sketch (drawing) for work. We place the drawing under the plexiglass. And you and I can start working in color.

Third stage:

The work is carried out in the same way as you paint from life or imagine, come up with your own color combinations. Try to take the color clean, bright, saturated. The shades of color are noble and pleasant to the eye. Change the water in your water jar often. The most important thing in your work is not to forget that when you take a mixed color, put it in a jar with a soap solution, since the soap solution does not allow the paint that you applied to the surface of the plexiglass to dry quickly.

It is important to know and take into account their features (properties) when working with paints. If you work with gouache, then try to do the work faster, since the paint dries quickly and it may turn out that you painted with paints, but the work has already dried. If you work with watercolors, then watercolor loves a lot of water, then in our case the watercolor solution should contain rich colors and have a little water in its composition. Excessive amount of water in the color can have a negative effect on the print (it will look like a big puddle when printing).

Fourth stage:

After we have completed the sketch in color, we take a sheet of paper. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that you need to grasp the sheet of paper with both hands by the corners of the sheet. Why do we do this, you ask? To ensure that the sheet does not wrinkle, break, or get dirty with your hands, place it evenly on the surface of the plexiglass, connecting the sheet format with the sketch of the drawing.

Fifth stage:

The next stage is that you need to gently press down the sheet with the palms of your hands, stroking it a little, pressing down where we have drawn the drawing. Try not to press, you need to do this with all your might, easily feeling on your palms that your drawing is gradually being transferred to a sheet of paper.

Sixth stage:

Next, you carefully remove the sheet of paper from the plexiglass (surface). Please note that the drawing must be removed by holding a corner of the sheet and slowly lifting the second corner of the sheet so that the sheet does not move when removed from the surface.

Seventh stage:

Then the resulting print must be hung to dry so that it does not get stained with paint and spoil the work. The dried print can be improved by clarifying the details of the drawing.

Second way.

When paint is applied to plates of metal or plastic, paper is placed on top and an impression is made using an etching or lithographic press. In this technique, as a rule, oil and etching paints are more often used. This method allows you to accurately control the creative process and accurately predict the desired creative result. Here you can create almost picturesque realistic works. To prevent ink oil from sticking to the paper, it is moistened with water before printing!

Third way.

This method requires the artist to draw with firm confidence, since corrections are impossible.

Take plastic or glass. Using a roller, apply an even layer of paint to the desired area or the entire surface of the sheet, having previously removed excess oil from the paint and placed it on newspaper for a while. All this is acquired through experience. If you are unsure that you can immediately draw and arrange your work on a sheet of paper, then before you put it on the paint, with light movements of a simple pencil you can outline the main composition and after that, without pressing, lower the sheet onto the paint-rolled surface . And then, you begin to draw what you have outlined, working with a pencil, a simple pen, a brush handle - it all depends on the thickness of the line you want to get.

It is advisable not to rest your hands on the paper. After completing your exercises on paper, carefully remove the sheet. Like any type of monotype, it can be modified and completed, already seeing what happens to it

Fourth way.

Pour water into the photo tray. Take printing inks, dilute them in different jars until liquid with gasoline or a special solvent. Then you take your brushes and, depending on your inner painterly state, splash paint onto the water, adjusting which color you need more or less of. And then the fun begins: mix the paints with a brush handle and see that unique pattern that you think is necessary. You need to work quickly, but carefully: place a sheet of paper on the water, and then only, as if in an arc, the second edge. And it must be removed in the same way: first one, and then the second one in an arc. Mixing paints in water creates amazing picturesque combinations, like in a kaleidoscope.

Fifth method Methods for extracting monotypes from space.

You paint a work of art with oil paints on canvas or cardboard. Then you apply paper, fabric or the same canvas - carefully, but maybe not very carefully. It all depends on your temperament. You press the paper, also using various pressing techniques. As experience shows, you can make up to three prints, and none of them will repeat the previous one. The result is very subtle picturesque things. Which can be completed on top of the monotype. But this will be a mixed technique.

The sixth method is mixed technique.

When the created monotype is taken as a base and then modified with various other materials: oil pastel, dry pastel, acrylic, oil, tempera, textured pastes and so on……… Methods of extracting a monotype from space.

Well, once again I would like to say that the very beauty of monotype is that there is Divine unpredictability in it, which brings into the monotype this amazing feeling of expectation of a miracle! Albeit a small one, but still a miracle that makes the artist’s heart tremble with joy. The monotype process is probably the most exciting of all the activities!

Monotype will forever enter your creative life and bring many pleasant creative moments!

Good luck and new discoveries!

Mineev Ivan Alexandrovich.

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Types of monotypy

Monotype is a multifaceted art form. The authors use various technical techniques that help to most accurately convey the artist’s idea.

There are several criteria that divide monotypy into types:

1. Color solution: monotype can be monochrome or polychrome. Monochrome monotype is most often done with black printing or offset ink.
2. Method of applying the design: the design is applied to a clean form or by removing paint residues from the base.
3. Type of printing form: the design can be applied to wood, glass, plastic, metal.
4. Type of print base: a print of a drawing can be made on canvas, cardboard, or paper.
5. Art materials : watercolor, ink, oil, acrylic, etc. are used for drawing. [Very Important Lot, 2020].

Monotype is a great way to develop creativity for both adults and children. Today, several varieties of this image technique have appeared:

1. Aquatype: the picture is applied with gouache, and then the areas free from paint are painted over with black ink. Next, the painted sheet must be dried and then placed in a container with water. Mascara does not dissolve in water, but gouache does not dissolve partially. The result is the original blurry image:

1. Deotype: a sheet of paper is placed on a form with paint, and thin tracing paper is placed on top. A drawing is applied to the tracing paper using a pencil or any other object. As a result, the paint is imprinted unevenly on the paper and an interesting pattern is obtained:

1. Negative monotype: to create it, a form with remnants of paint that was used in deotype is used. Unpainted areas are re-painted and a new print is made on paper:

1. Aquagraphy: insoluble paint in liquid form is slowly added to a container of water. Colored pigments will form on the surface, which must be mixed with a brush, creating interesting patterns. Then a sheet of paper is placed in a container of colored water to make an imprint of the pattern, and it is carefully removed. By the way, this method of depicting a picture appeared in the 15th century. In Turkey and Persia, aquagraphy was called ebru (" cloud art "):

1. Florotype: paint is applied to the form, and petals, flowers, leaves are laid out on top and covered with paper. an interesting imprint remains on the paper with the silhouettes of the objects used:

1. Decalcomania: a colored design is transferred from paper under pressure to a fabric surface, ceramics or other canvas. This technique is most often used to print a decal:

1. Blotography: this is one of the easiest techniques to create a monotype image. Anyone can handle it: watercolor or gouache is poured onto the center of a sheet of paper, and then the paper is tilted in different directions so that the paint spreads over the surface, forming colored streaks: [Very Important Lot, 2020].

It is no coincidence that monotype is classified as a non-traditional drawing technique. The methods for creating images are striking in their originality and at the same time simplicity. I just want to try to draw something like this using one of the methods described above. And you?

Monotype techniques

Drawing using the method in question has a long history. During this time, several different working techniques emerged.

Subject monotype

The simplest technique can be used as follows:

1. The drawing is done on a sheet of paper.
2. It is folded in half, forming a fold line.
3. On one of the halves, paint half of a simple object, for example, a cube.
4. The paper is then folded, creating a complete picture.

Landscape monotype

Older kids can create landscapes. In this case, they draw part of the image on half of the paper, fold it and get the full picture. Thus, in particular, it is convenient to draw a forest on the shore of a lake and its reflection in the water.

Winter landscape

Other monotype techniques

To perform the next technique, you must already have basic skills. In this case, a plastic sheet is used. Dark paint is applied to it. While it retains its moisture, the child moves a cotton swab over it. Then they apply a sheet of paper and get a picture drawn with light paint on a dark background.

Baby learns a new drawing technique

Another technique can be used when the drawing is made by applying dark paint to a light surface with a brush.

On a note! Another subject technique can be used. In this case, the sheet of paper is crumpled before drawing on it. As a result, new features will be added to the resulting print, allowing you to see the image with more texture.

Aesthetic education in a preschool educational institution

There is a non-standard use of this technique. Here the presentation is created in two stages:

1. First, make a background image on a piece of paper.
2. After the paint has dried, the child completes the drawing on it.

The work is done this way:

1. You need to prepare a bowl of water, linseed oil, oil paint, a solvent for it and a brush that will be used for stirring. You need containers in which to mix the paint.
2. For each desired color, this procedure is carried out separately. A little paint is poured into the jar, solvent and linseed oil are added. Then this mixture must be thoroughly stirred.
3. The mixture is poured from the jars into a bowl of water. Linseed oil allows paints to float
4. Use a brush to gently mix the liquid.
5. Then a sheet of paper is placed under water and slowly raised. The paint drips off it, leaving beautiful and unexpected shapes.
6. Then you need to wait until the paper dries.

On a note! Multi-colored stains will be visible on the sheet, which form unusual patterns or fantastic figures. The child can modify the drawing at his own discretion.

Monotype in psychology

Monotype is not just a drawing technique, because... today it is a type of art therapy that will be useful to absolutely everyone who needs to stabilize their psycho-emotional state. This method of psychotherapy has long been loved by psychologists, because, if used correctly, it will bring obvious benefits in the form of:

• relieving emotional stress;
• development of individuality;
• strengthening interpersonal connections;
• actualization of feelings;
• development of thinking, creativity;
• spontaneous self-expression [M. Kiseleva, 2007].

The most famous method of studying the psyche of an individual and its disorders using monotype is the psychodiagnostic text of Hermann Rorschach (“Rorschach’s Blots”).

The author of the test drew 10 blots of different colors and saturation, each image serves as a stimulus for free associations. According to Rorschach, what the subject sees in these images indicates his intellectual control and emotional state. For the purity of the study, the test taker must answer the following questions:

1. What does he see in the picture?
2. Where does he see this?
3. Why does the ink blot evoke such associations in him?

Here is an example of one of the test images:

What do you see in the picture? This image evaluates a person's attitude towards other people. Most often, subjects answer that they see a moth, a butterfly, two people, or a person looking in the mirror.

If you see two people talking, then you have an active social life. If you feel like they are washing their hands, then you may not feel safe. And if it seems to you that two people are playing some kind of game, then most likely you are now subject to competition [B. Bely, 2005].

Monotype is especially useful for children. It plays an important role in studying the psychological state of the child and developing his creative skills. Many children love to draw with paints, so the process of creating a drawing using this technique fascinates them very much. Monotype contributes to:

• development of fine motor skills;
• stabilization of the emotional background;
• speech development;
• broadening the horizons of children;
• normalization of the nervous system;
• formation of perseverance, perseverance, attentiveness, etc. [M. Kiseleva, 2006].

To begin with, you can use a simple sheet of paper and paint: let the child draw what he can, and then, while the paint is still wet, cover the painted sheet of paper with a clean sheet. The end result will be a funny picture.

This kind of creative activity can be easily organized at home. In kindergartens, for this purpose, plexiglass or plastic boards are used, on which an image is applied with gouache or oil paints and then printed on paper. The resulting picture is complemented by a drawing with a brush or pencil.

Monotype is included in the curriculum of fine arts lessons. In elementary grades, children draw with their fingers or palms, while older students use other techniques and materials.

An interesting creative exercise “Frosty Patterns” is offered by psychologist Galina Elchaninova. To do this you will need sheets of paper, gouache, gel paints, threads, a plastic bag, and a tube. First, dip the brushes into jars of paint and apply spots on the bag. Next, put paper on it and press tightly. On the resulting print, before the paint has dried, we lay out patterns using thread, tubes, etc. The result is an improvised winter pattern.

This technique can reflect absolutely any theme, be it summer, spring, or just free creativity. The main thing is the absence of restrictions [G. Elchaninova, 2018].

Monotype is an excellent way to develop sensory-perceptual perception. Here is another exercise that psychologists recommend doing with children: you will need liquid gouache, water, paint cups, vegetable oil, flour, PVA glue, salt, cardboard, oilcloth.

To begin with, children make their own paint: mix 100-150 grams of flour, a tablespoon of vegetable oil, a pinch of salt, a tablespoon of glue and add water so that the consistency resembles sour cream. It is important that all components are mixed by hand. Next, the child’s favorite color is added to the resulting mixture.

Ask children to comment on how they felt during the process. After this, give the task to paint with your hands on cardboard or a sheet of paper with the resulting paint. This can be individual or collective creativity.

Don’t be afraid to experiment with monotype: the more varied the activities, the more interesting they will be for children. an unusual execution of monotype in her book “Creative Workshop: 55 Master Classes for Little Explorers”: take paints, water, paper, soap and straws. Mix gouache and soap in water in a ratio of 1:2:2.

Invite your child to blow into a tube lowered into a glass of colored soapy water until a cloud of bubbles forms on the surface. Place the paper on the bubbles. It will be more interesting if there are several similar solutions and they are all of different colors [R. Dorley, 2016].

If you have any difficulties in conducting such creative activities, you can always turn to pedagogical materials for help. There are many notes on monotype on the Internet for teaching lessons to children of different ages.

Examples of drawings by preschoolers using the monotype technique with comments on how to complete the work

The butterfly is one of the most popular objects depicted using the monotype technique. Each work is unique. A variegated pattern distinguishes the butterfly in the “Beauty Butterfly” drawing; the outline of the silhouette is outlined with a felt-tip pen, which makes the drawing even brighter. “Moth” has a delicate, mysterious color in yellow and blue tones. The compositions “Sunny Butterfly” and “Blue Butterfly” are decorated with additional details: the sun, grass, flowers. The butterflies themselves here have an interesting wing shape. The butterfly in the drawing “Beautiful Butterfly” looks original and elegant: this effect occurs due to a combination of two unconventional techniques - monotype and leaf printing (the antennae are painted in with watercolors).

Photo gallery “Butterflies using monotype technique”

Watercolor drawing

Drawing with watercolors and felt-tip pen Drawing with watercolors

Watercolor drawing

Watercolor drawing

A combination of two unconventional techniques - monotype and leaf printing

Charming sea inhabitants that look like magical creatures are depicted in the drawing “Fish”. Let us note the very beautiful background of the composition; the seabed with algae is realistically and at the same time magically conveyed. A threatening looking fish is shown in the “Sawfish” picture. The drawing “Fish in an Aquarium” turned out to be unusual. Their color complements each other: red with white spots and vice versa white with red spots.

Photo gallery "Fish"

Drawing in watercolor Drawing in gouache Drawing in watercolor

Using the monotype technique, very beautiful flower bouquets are obtained. A bright composition with yellow-red buds is presented in the picture “Bouquet for Mom”, and “Vase with Flowers”, on the contrary, is made in delicate pastel colors. A mysterious and mysterious plant is the work “Magic Flower”.

Photo gallery "Flowers"

Watercolor drawing

Watercolor drawing Watercolor drawing

Landscape works made using the monotype technique are always fascinating. You can look at them for a very long time. Drawings with horizontal symmetry are, as a rule, trees reflected in a body of water (lake or river). In this regard, the compositions “Beautiful Trees”, “Forest over the River”, “Colors of Autumn” are interesting. Works with vertical symmetry are individual beautiful trees (drawings “Spreading Tree”, “Tree with Pears”. Also, the composition “Apple Orchard” looks charmingly summery - it amazes with its multicolored colors. Interesting variations on the winter theme are “New Year Tree" and " Winter miracle."

Photo gallery “Landscape compositions”

Watercolor drawing Watercolor drawing

Watercolor drawing

Watercolor drawing

Drawing in watercolor Drawing in watercolor Drawing in watercolor

Watercolor drawing

Children's works by design are of great interest. A child’s imagination, combined with the monotype technique, sometimes creates the most unexpected and bizarre images. So, the “Pink Bull” looks mysterious, from which it emanates kindness. The drawing “Cheerful Sun” creates an anthropomorphic image of the sun with big eyes and a smile. The “Queen of Light” is charming and mysterious. And the “Running Bunny” differs from an ordinary animal with its vague, unusual figure. Cheerful twin sisters smile at us from the composition of the same name. And for some reason the “Merry Ducklings” turned away from each other.

Photo gallery “Fantasy motives”

Drawing in watercolor Drawing in watercolor Drawing in watercolor

Watercolor drawing Watercolor and felt-tip pen drawing

Watercolor drawing

In the senior preschool level, children enjoy fantasizing about space themes. With the help of monotype, bizarre fantastic images of aliens are created - the inhabitants of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn. Children even come up with names for them and write them on the drawing. Let us note that all the creatures, each unusual in its own way, have a good-natured appearance, because the majority of children’s works are always positive.

Photo gallery "Space"

Watercolor drawing Watercolor drawing

Drawing with watercolors and colored pencils Drawing with watercolors

Watercolor drawing

The more diverse and interesting the techniques and techniques of visual activity when working with preschoolers, the more the children’s artistic abilities develop. In this regard, monotype is truly a magical way of drawing. In the perception of children, it is similar to a fairy tale or a magic trick. The original technique allows the creative nature to reveal itself, which leads to the most unexpected results: the child will admire his drawing and want to draw again and again.

Let's start practicing

The advantage of monotype is that absolutely everyone can do it. To learn how to draw in this technique, you do not need to have an artistic education or a rich imagination; you just need to stock up on time and some tools, such as:

1. Base: To start, you can use thick paper or cardboard. The main thing is that the surface is not saturated with paints. Glass, metal plates, and plastic surfaces are suitable as a base.
2. Paints: It is best to use acrylic paints, because... they are distinguished by bright colors and dense texture, the images are more saturated and interesting, gouache is also suitable.
3. Drawing supplies: usually paint is applied with brushes and a roller, and for drawing details, cotton swabs, tubes, toothpicks, pencils, in a word, anything that has a pointed end is suitable.
4. Additional materials: to create more original images, you can use fabric as a base, and to add texture to the design - any available materials, twigs, leaves, etc.

One of the main principles of monotype is specularity. The drawing is obtained by imprinting paint from the base onto another surface or, in the simplest way, from one half of the paper to the other. Another important point - do not overdo it with the amount of paint, otherwise the drawing will resemble blots.

Monotype is a technique that allows you to create a unique print. It will not be possible to replicate a drawing: only one print can clearly convey the image. Despite its simplicity in execution, you should start with simple images and drawing techniques. There are several monotype techniques that you can easily handle:

1. Subject monotype : using this technique, you can draw any object by symmetrically transferring an image from one half of a sheet of paper to the other. It's very simple: first we bend a sheet of paper in half, unfold it and draw on one side, for example, a tree trunk. Next, fold the paper in half again: the design is imprinted on the blank side of the sheet. This way you can finish drawing the leaves on the tree, the sky, the background, etc.

1. Monotype “Butterfly” : on one part of a sheet of paper we draw colored spots, the outline resembling the wings of butterflies. We print the colored part of the sheet on the blank half. The result is a bright outline of the butterfly; the contours of the wings, patterns and antennae can be completed with a pencil.

1. Landscape monotype : on one side of a sheet of paper we draw a landscape and print the drawing on the opposite side of the sheet. The resulting picture can be completed and made clearer and more organic. Look how beautiful the monotype on the theme “Spring” looks:

1. Monotype “Flowers” : paint over a sheet of paper with white ink, draw stripes of pastel colors on top, and then use a wide brush to shade the colored lines with white paint. Make a vase of flowers the central figure of the image. You can choose shades according to your taste. Once the image is completely applied, wet another sheet of paper and press firmly onto the design. You will get a picture with original streaks [L. Savchuk, 2018].

You can execute this monotype using the previously described methods, by depicting part of the design on one side of the paper and simply printing it on the other.

Even a child can handle such techniques, but despite the simplicity of the process, both adults and children will enjoy creating an image. The main thing is to make prints before the paint dries.

If you are ready to experiment, in addition to the above-mentioned materials, use glass, rollers, and plastic. Apply paint to the glass with a roller or brush. If you want an interesting texture, use hard brushes. You can remove excess paint with a napkin and complete the missing details. Then, while the paint is still wet, cover the glass with a sheet of paper and go over it thoroughly with a roller. A few minutes of creative flight and the picture is ready.

There are many video tutorials and master classes that will help you quickly master this drawing technique. Look at this one for example :

If you have long wanted to learn how to draw, but until now you thought that only the gifted could do this activity, we advise you to take our online course “Drawing”, where you will learn how to create your own works of art and forever cast aside all doubts about your creative abilities. We recommend!

Drawing using the monotype method in kindergarten

Important! When using monotypic drawing, children produce drawings, each of which is unique.

These lessons can be included in the educational plan or organized as a circle.

You can start classes in kindergarten using the monotype drawing technique as early as the second junior group. At this age, children are asked to depict simple and well-known objects. Here are a few such examples:

• air balloons;
• cubes;
• fish;
• checkboxes.

Usually kids are asked to use a sheet of paper folded in half. First, make the design on one side, then fold it in half. The drawn image is printed on the other side.

On a note! Sometimes the design is applied so that it touches the fold line. After folding the page, a symmetrical image is obtained.

If it is difficult for a child to make a drawing, you can prepare a template for this.

Bouquet of flowers

At an older age, children are asked to draw more complex drawings. For creativity, watercolors or gouache are used. The first of them should not be diluted too much. In some preschool educational institutions, drawing classes are conducted using acrylic paints. However, in this case, you need to take into account that they dry quickly and cannot be washed off if you want to correct the drawing.

Thematic week in the second junior group “Professions”

To conduct classes in kindergarten on creating images, you can use the following materials:

• sheets of thick paper or thick glossy paper;
• when teaching preschool children, you can use film;
• A plastic board is suitable for drawing;
• glass;
• You can use tiles.

Other options for performing the work are also possible.

Summarize

Monotype is one of the oldest forms of art, which has greatly transformed in our time and has found its application not only in creative fields, but also in psychology. This is a unique method of drawing that does not have any restrictions.

You can use all possible materials: paper, plastic, glass, metal and any available means; The main thing to remember is that speed and mood are important in this matter.

Monotype is compared to meditation, and it is not for nothing that this technique is widely used in art therapy. To master this type of creativity, no special preparation is required, and each of you will probably have the materials necessary for drawing at home.

This activity will be exciting for both adults and children, so don’t deny yourself the pleasure of plunging into the world of creativity. And, if you have long wanted to try yourself as an artist, we recommend starting with monotype, because it is fast, simple and very exciting.

We wish you creative inspiration!

We also recommend reading:

• Storytelling
• Neuroaesthetics: what is it and what does it do?
• A selection of useful materials about creativity and creativity development
• 10 most famous artists
• Euler circles
• Lettering: freedom of speech for the artist
• "The hands resist him." History of the pattern causing Stendhal syndrome
• Profession artist
• What is neurography and how is it useful?
• How to learn to understand works of art
• Lettering: art in letters

Keywords:1LLL

Traditional painting techniques

The foundation for the overall comprehensive development of a child is laid in early preschool age. Drawing is one of the most important means of child development, during which the child learns about the world and forms an aesthetic attitude towards it.

When drawing, a child develops a wide variety of skills and abilities, namely:

• the child learns to visually evaluate the shape of an object, navigate in space, distinguish and feel colors
• trains eyes and hands
• develops the hand.

“Did you know that drawing is one of the main ways to develop a child’s comprehensive development, his senses, fine motor skills, sense of shape and color? With the help of this simple and exciting activity, children convey their attitude to reality.”

The success of upbringing and learning depends on what forms and methods a teacher or parent uses in creative activities with a child.

Thus, the main technique for children of primary preschool age is to demonstrate how to use a pencil and paints. At the same age, passive drawing is effective: when an adult guides the baby’s hand. When the baby grows a little, visual arts are taught using the information-receptive method: children study the shape of an object, tracing it with their hand, feeling its outlines. Such exploration of the subject helps the child create a more complete understanding of the subject. The next stage is the choice of drawing technique.

Traditional children's drawing techniques:

1. Drawing with a simple pencil.
2. Drawing with colored pencils.
3. Drawing with felt-tip pens.
4. Painting with a brush - watercolor, gouache.
5. Drawing with wax crayons.

When starting to choose a drawing technique for your baby, you need to pay attention to his age and interest. To be useful and educational, drawing must first of all be fun.

Drawing with paints and pencils

Children enjoy drawing, especially if they are good at it. Even drawing using traditional techniques such as painting with paints and pencils requires certain skills. If the skills are missing, then the drawing may not turn out the way the little artist intended, as a result of which the child may become upset and no longer want to draw. Younger preschoolers are not yet skilled enough in drawing.

Let's see how you can teach your child to draw with paints and pencils.

Learn to paint with paints

Today, a child’s first use of paints is finger painting. As soon as your baby has learned to hold a brush in his hand, invite him to paint with it. For the first lessons, it is better to use gouache: it does not need to be diluted with water and it leaves a bright mark. Show your child this painting technique as “dipping”: a brush with paint should be applied to the paper with all its bristles. This will create an imprint - a leaf, a light, a trace of an animal, a flower, etc. Children can use this simple technique when depicting natural phenomena that are familiar to them. It will be interesting to draw on dark-colored paper (for example, blue) with white gouache. This is how you can depict, say, snowfall. The next stage of painting with paints is the image of straight and wavy lines.

Typically, a child masters working with paints and brushes by the age of 3.5–4 years. From this age, the baby can be given paints at his disposal: let him paint what he wants. And parents just need to suggest topics for drawing and show the correct techniques.

Let's start drawing with a pencil

At first, it is better to give the baby not a pencil in his hand, but a felt-tip pen: they leave a bright mark even when the child’s hand presses lightly. When your hand gets stronger, put a pencil in his hand. Draw different shapes together by moving your child's hand. This way he will gradually understand how to move the pencil to get the desired drawing. Repeat the movements many times, strengthening them.

"Advice. Support your child’s interest in drawing by providing good conditions for creativity: quality supplies, a separate table and chair in a bright place, appropriate for the child’s height.”

Children's unconventional drawing techniques

Non-traditional children's drawing techniques stimulate the development of imagination and creative thinking, the manifestation of initiative and independence, and the formation of the child's individuality. In the process of such drawing, the preschooler will improve his powers of observation, form an individual perception of art and beauty, and try to create something beautiful. And unconventional drawing also brings children a lot of positive emotions.

Let's see what non-traditional drawing techniques you can practice with your child at home.

For children of primary preschool age:

1. Finger drawing. The kid dips his fingers in gouache and applies paint to the paper.
2. Drawing with palms. The little one applies gouache all over his palm and makes prints on paper, which can later become funny pictures.

For children of middle preschool age:

1. Foam imprint. The child dips a piece of foam rubber into the paint and makes an imprint on the paper.
2. Imprint with cork.
3. Combined drawing with wax crayons and watercolors. The child draws an image with wax crayons on paper, and then paints over only a sheet of paper with watercolors, without affecting the drawing.
4. Drawing with cotton swabs or drinking straws. By dipping them in paint and applying them in different ways, you can create an interesting picture.

For children of senior school age:

1. Drawing with sand or salt.
2. "Spray." By picking up paint on a brush and hitting it on the cardboard above the paper, the child will receive a whole fireworks of paint splashes that will fall on the paper.
3. Drawing with crumpled paper. Pieces of crumpled paper are painted and pressed onto the paper where the painting is planned to appear.
4. Klyasography. You can blow colorful blots through a cocktail straw. Or you can put them with a regular plastic spoon. Using your imagination, blots can be turned into funny characters or landscape elements.
5. Monotype. By covering thick paper or ceramic tiles with a thick layer of paint, and then applying a sheet of paper, we get a blurred print on the paper that can become the basis for a landscape.
6. Engraving (grattage). After painting a sheet of paper with a thick layer of gouache, try scratching out a drawing with your child using toothpicks.

We use various materials

“Did you know that various non-traditional children's drawing techniques are becoming more and more popular every day? When drawing, kids act as they please.”

The beauty of non-traditional drawing techniques is that in the creative process a child can use a variety of materials and their combinations. That’s why these drawing methods are very interesting for both children and adults: there are no limits to imagination and self-expression.

What combinations of materials can be used when drawing to make the creative process enjoyable and the picture to turn out unusual and expressive?

1. Imprints of natural materials. If you cover leaves, cones, flowers with different paints, and then apply them to paper, you will get a print. Having completed the missing details, the child will have an excellent landscape.
2. Plasticine. You can not only sculpt figures from plasticine, but also draw on paper with it. This method is called plasticineography.
3. Whatever is at hand. Using a wooden spool of thread, the thread itself, buttons of different sizes and shapes, a cardboard tube, a fresh orange peel, an ear of corn, a knitting needle and anything else you can find around the house and use for creativity, you can draw. Each item leaves its own unique imprint. With a little imagination, you can create unusual paintings using completely everyday objects. The coil will leave a mark that looks like a wheel or two tracks, a button - a circle with dots. You can cut unusual stamps from orange peel, for example, in the form of a spiral. And the function of a paint roller will be performed by a corn cob or a cardboard tube.

Drawing is an excellent leisure activity for a preschooler, a job that should not be forced. However, it is important to support the child and positively evaluate the results of his creativity. Expand your child's creativity. Traditional drawing will teach your child how to properly use a brush, paints, pencils and felt-tip pens, teach you to recognize and draw different shapes, and distinguish colors. And non-traditional drawing techniques will help him become more creative, emotionally stable, confident in his abilities, and proactive.

Work options

Let's look at some drawings that work well using the monotype technique.

Monotype butterfly drawing lesson step by step

Stage No. 1 Getting started

1. The children, with the help of the teacher, lay out the supplies, and the teacher tells the kids about the upcoming work.
2. The presenter shows by example how to carefully bend a sheet of paper and draw a butterfly wing. The wing is drawn on one side of the sheet, so that the butterfly’s body is on the fold. The second half of the sheet remains blank.
3. The teacher asks the child to repeat the actions shown.

Stage No. 2 Selection of colors, painting

1. The teacher can tell the child which colors go well with each other and which combinations are best avoided.
2. Using his own example, the presenter shows how to paint over a wing.
3. You should pay attention to the fact that you need to take a lot of paint and it must be quite liquid in order for the print to turn out well.

Stage No. 3 Creating a fingerprint

1. When the entire wing is filled with paint, the sheet is quickly rolled up and gently patted on it with the palm of your hand.
2. If necessary, the teacher helps the child to do the work more accurately.
3. Now you can expand the sheet and evaluate the work. A butterfly has two wings!

Stage No. 4 Adding details

1. At this stage, the teacher and child complete the drawing of the butterfly’s body and complement the drawing with other details (veins, spots, patterns).
2. To make the work brighter, it is better to paint additional details in a dark color. There should be a contrast between the print and the additional elements. It is advisable for the teacher to explain this nuance to the child.

Otherwise, the best adviser is the child’s imagination.

Stage No. 5 Decoration

Children especially love this part of the work and indulge in it with particular enthusiasm.

How to decorate a butterfly:

1. Carefully dip a wet brush into PVA glue and draw the desired detail, then quickly sprinkle with glitter. Gently brush off any leftovers so they can be reused.
2. The sequins are glued one at a time using PVA glue.
3. A glitter pen is especially convenient when decorating; you can quickly draw the desired element. At the same time, it will be bright and shiny. Usually several pens of different colors are used.
4. Small stickers, self-adhesive rhinestones and beads are also suitable for decoration.
5. It is best to combine several different decorations in your work.

At the end of the lesson, the teacher must thank the children for their participation and praise them for their work.

Drawing a tree

1. Fold a sheet of paper in half and unfold it.

2. On one half of the sheet, draw half of the depicted object (tree trunk) and again fold the sheet of paper to make a print.

3. Then unfold and draw the crown of the tree, grass and fold it in half again.

4. Expand it and get a beautiful symmetrical image of the tree.

Draw flowers

Step by step drawing of a dress

1. The “Dress” stencil is applied to the sheet with the marked border.
   The teacher checks that the middle of the template coincides with the middle of the sheet. Children trace the stencil with a pencil. Children cannot draw a dress symmetrically; they are asked to trace a template
2. One part of the dress is filled with the main color.

   The choice of color for the dress can be left up to the guys

3. A simple pattern is applied on top of the undried paint: pokes, strokes.

   The simplest pattern for a dress is small pokes

4. The design is imprinted - the dress is evenly colored with interesting stains and patterns.
   Monotype allows you not only to color the template, but to make a symmetrical pattern on it
5. When the drawing is dry, the children cut out the dress along the outline.

   Children cut out the monotype on their own using safety scissors, or they are helped by a teacher.

Step by step drawing of a winter landscape

1. The background is drawn first: sky and water.
   For a winter landscape, cold colors are selected
2. We print and open the sheet. Drawing a winter forest: blue, light blue, lilac or gray paint is suitable.

   The landscape is created in several stages of imprinting

3. Landscape monotype is based on the mirror principle: objects (trees, houses, ships) are reflected in the water.
   An imprint in a landscape monotype is a reflection of objects

Step-by-step drawing of a winter tree (on film)

1. A special type of monotype is the printing of drawings from glass, plastic or film.
   Initially, the image is created on a smooth surface, and it can be anything (asymmetrical). It is recommended to paint with gouache; watercolor will form droplets on the film. A drawing is created on a smooth surface with a thin brush.
2. If the gouache has dried while the image was being created, apply a little water on top with a clean brush.
   The image on the film must be wet to make a print.
3. Place a sheet of paper on the film or glass, press and iron it. The winter tree is done!

   Classes on monotype on film are conducted with students of senior groups

Winter landscape

Drawing a winter landscape is one of the options for developing creative thinking in children. An image of snow cover, snowfall or trees in winter can be created using various tools.

Winter landscapes can be complemented with the image of snowflakes using a brush and white gouache. To make the design brighter, use silver sparkles and stick on rhinestones.

Monotypes of autumn leaves | Motherhood

Autumn is now in full swing, and in the literal sense of the word! The trees glow with bright colors in the sun, and if you also want to try to capture this beauty with your child, then here are some very simple techniques.

By printing the leaves, you can make postcards or something else.

But if you print a large sheet, it will turn out to be a real tree!

It is better to apply paint from the side of the veins. We painted with gouache, but you can also use acrylic and even watercolor. Each time you can apply new color combinations to the same sheet, then all the prints will be different and not similar to the previous ones.

You can add stickers or stamps.

Using the same principle, you can make an entire autumn forest.

Here are prints of rowan leaves. And any kid can draw rowan berries - they are made using a cotton swab with red paint.

There is a painting method where the paint is blown onto a sheet using a straw.

Taking these “blown” trees as a basis, you can develop the theme a little. The following drawings were made using a regular flower spray bottle, into which we poured a little water and stirred the paint (gouache).

This is also done with cotton swabs. My daughter, however, only had the patience for the leaves on the trees, and I had to poke all the “fallen” ones, which is why they turned out so unnaturally uniform.

You can also make confetti with a hole punch and pour it onto areas of the design that must first be thickly coated with PVA glue.

A very effective and probably my favorite method: place leaves under a sheet of paper (not thick paper, but regular office paper), and draw a wax chalk on top, holding it flat, and then a pattern with all the veins will appear on the paper!

And now for a little magic - you just need to take a white chalk and run it over the white paper, and then let the child paint over the sheet with a sponge.

The further fate of all the drawings can be very different. But the main thing is that they have this destiny.

The simplest thing is to sign the drawing (especially the date, age) and save it as a keepsake in a specially designated folder. Or frame it and give it to relatives. We gave just some of these drawings to our somewhat great grandmother for her 96th birthday, and they immediately enlivened her room.

The second, more creative thing is to arrange a small home themed exhibition. And give dad an invitation card right from the door when he comes home from work.

And the third thing - the most interesting thing - is to make postcards and send them to relatives and friends. Believe me, your grandparents, aunties and even your children’s little friends will be very happy to receive such news, even if they live in your own city.

Vase with Flowers

To make a still life using the monotype technique, prepare a sheet of watercolor paper, a set of gouache, a container of water, round and flat brushes, a sheet of linoleum or cardboard of the same size.

Creative process:

1. Using a flat, wide brush, paint the entire sheet with white gouache.
2. Using a thin brush, apply stripes of pastel-colored gouache.
3. Load a wide brush with white paint and rub out the colored lines. The result will be a heterogeneous background with soft color transitions.
4. Dry the gouache, select paints for the flowers in the vase. Flowers can be arranged in a circle, in the shape of a fan, oval, or arc.
5. The central part of the composition is flowers. Their height should be 1.5–2 times the height of the vase.
6. Apply blue paint to the location chosen for the vase, and then for the flowers - ultramarine, light and dark purple, hot pink, white.
7. Apply a damp sheet, smooth, remove. Please note that if you remove the sheet from bottom to top, paint smudges will be directed upward; if you remove the sheet from top to bottom, paint smudges will be directed downwards. This determines how your flowers will look.

All that remains is to finally decorate the vase, add a few green leaves, and come up with a name for the still life.

Monotype as a school of decor teaches children to create a composition, line up an image on a sheet of paper, use brushes and paints, develop coordination, develop patience and accuracy in work. Nowadays, “Magic Palms” clubs are organized in most children’s institutions; they are designed to arouse children’s interest in visual arts.

Interesting Facts

Artists from overseas have distinguished themselves by their practicality. American masters have turned monotype into a waste-free art. The paint that remains on the glass forms the original picture. It is framed and sold as a work of art. Monotype in its pure form is used quite rarely. It is often used in mixed media: various shapes and textures are combined on a printed picture, artists guess the desired shapes and paint them with a brush.

Today, monotype is not only a type of creativity, but also a special tool that is used in psychology and pedagogy. Such activities have a positive effect on the development of imagination and spatial thinking. This technique can have a beneficial effect on all family members. Children will be interested in working with a variety of colors and guessing the final result, while adults will be able to look deep into their souls and get to know themselves better.