Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in autumn, winter, spring and summer: description. Signs of autumn, winter, spring and summer in living and inanimate nature: description

Autumn signs of autumn in living and inanimate nature: list

For many schoolchildren, autumn is associated with the beginning of a new school year; at this time, children meet with their friends and classmates, and, dressed in school uniforms, go to gain new knowledge.

There are the following signs of the onset of autumn:

Surely the kids noticed when autumn came, the sun had disappeared somewhere, and the sky was covered with clouds. Even in sunny weather, it is no longer so warm outside (you can tell by the way people start dressing). Light T-shirts and dresses are replaced by jackets and jeans, and with the onset of October-December, many people wear coats and jackets.
Despite the fact that summer is hot, there are, of course, windy weather. But it’s more pleasing, because when a warm breeze blows, it’s refreshing. But strong gusts of wind in autumn are not so pleasant, because the cold wind blows with such force that it tears leaves from the trees.
Autumn is characterized by frequent fogs, and mothers begin to monitor weather changes, because in autumn the weather often changes, and dressing correctly is very important at such a time, because... it's very easy to get sick. By the way, with climate change, many children begin to get colds, which is rarely seen in the summer.
The coming autumn can be seen in the plants, for example, how grapes or currants turn red, chestnuts and many other trees and shrubs turn yellow. In September it is already possible to collect fallen maple leaves. They are often used to make appliques or various bouquets. But it is impossible to determine the onset of autumn by looking at coniferous trees, because such trees are green both in summer and winter.

Autumn motives

You can determine weather changes by watching animals. For example, most birds hide from the cold by flying to warmer regions. Of course, there are those who are not afraid of the cold - these are pigeons, crows and sparrows. But heat-loving birds, sensing the onset of rainy autumn, immediately fly far to the south with their chicks.
There are animals that hibernate, such as bears, raccoons, badgers, hedgehogs and many others, especially those that live in minks. The hare, fox and squirrels change their color, making it easier for them to camouflage themselves from predators. As you know, squirrels are very thrifty - so they prepare a lot of nuts and acorns for the winter, which they will feed on throughout the cold weather. And they collect food in the fall, when nuts and acorns are ripe. This can also be observed.
Pesky flies, mosquitoes and many insects also hide with the onset of the slightest cold weather.
Why has the day become shorter? This also characterizes autumn. If the sun sets earlier than usual, then you can expect the onset of cold days. This is a sign of autumn in inanimate nature.
Getting closer to winter, you can see frost in the mornings. These are small particles of dew that have frozen on the leaves and surfaces in an uneven, prickly layer.
There is even ice in the fall; this often happens at the end of November, when the air temperature reaches sub-zero values. By this time people are already wearing hats, gloves and scarves. The weather promises that winter is just around the corner.

Autumn is a very bright and beautiful time of year, the roads are covered with a golden “blanket”, you can watch beautiful landscapes and birds flying away to warmer climes. Even though the weather is rainy in autumn, it gives us the opportunity to observe the beauty of nature.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in autumn: description of observations

On the territory of our country one can often observe changes in the weather and nature, which “adjusts” to the coming changes. Many of the phenomena that we observe are associated specifically with the seasons and are therefore called seasonal. One of the most beautiful times of the year is autumn.

During this period, nature is painted with golden colors, all animals and plants are preparing for the cold winter and you can observe the most amazing changes and phenomena. Autumn is characterized by the following main changes:

Fogs. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the earth heats up during the day, and at night the temperature is already below zero, so fog, dew and even frost are observed with sunrise
Shower. Autumn is associated with rainy weather, and it is during this period that heavy rains are observed - in other words, downpour
Wind. It is in the fall that when you go outside you can encounter strong gusts of wind, which are often accompanied by rain or even hail.
It gets dark earlier
Cloudy weather
You can see thin ice on ponds and puddles, but standing on it, much less playing on it, is very dangerous; it’s better to wait until winter
The onset of winter can also be characterized by “Indian” summer. During this period, a heavy milky fog falls to the ground, filling the air with dampness.
At the end of autumn, rainy weather is diluted by light snowfall, after which there is often ice

Golden autumn
This is a characteristic of inanimate nature that can be observed in the fall, but changes in living nature include:

Animals such as fox, squirrel and hare change their color
Many animals hibernate in late autumn
Birds fly to warmer climes
Insects also hide from the cold weather, you can no longer see butterflies and ladybugs, you can’t hear the whistle of grasshoppers, bees don’t buzz and don’t pollinate plants, mosquitoes and flies are also becoming less and less common
Leaf fall. This is the first sign that golden autumn is coming. The castings turn yellow, and with a strong gust of wind, trees and bushes are freed from them. All roads are covered with a beautiful golden carpet

Autumn is a wonderful time of year that prepares nature and people for the cold frosty winter. This time gives us a break from the hot and stuffy summer days. But the first ones who begin to respond to climate changes are plants. Berries and vegetables are fully ripening, and the trees are dressed in golden foliage.

Winter signs of winter in living and inanimate nature: list

In anticipation of the New Year, many children know that the luxurious time of year has arrived - winter. Gifts, holidays and Father Frost and the Snow Maiden are not all indicators that winter has come. Of course, it comes a month earlier - December 1st. This is a fabulous time when you can play in the snow and sculpt a Snow Woman, we see stunning drawings on the windows, and there is beautiful snowy weather outside.

In anticipation of the onset of winter, we are all waiting for a fairy tale, wish fulfillment and magic. This is how we associate cold winter. But these are not all the indicators by which one can determine the onset of such a wonderful period:

Firstly, everyone dresses warmly enough. A down jacket or fur coat is used as outerwear; people wear warm gloves and hats, and in very “severe” weather - huge scarves and thermal underwear. It is very important to dress as warmly as possible in such cold weather, because you can easily catch a cold and miss the entire winter holidays
Snowfall is also the main characteristic of the winter period.
The winter sky is quite heavy and seems to hang right above your head. There is moisture and frosty freshness in the air
Ice. Walking or driving in winter is very dangerous; for convenience, many people wear snowshoes, and their cars are “changed” to winter tires. After all, it’s very easy to slip, and worse, to injure your leg or arm.

winter snowstorm

If a strong wind blows and snow falls, it becomes a blizzard. It’s very exciting to watch such weather from the window, but if you get caught in a strong wind with snow, it’s quite unpleasant
As children, we all really loved icicles. And this is another sign of winter. In other words, an icicle is a cone-shaped piece of ice that can most often be found on roofs or trees.
Animals, birds and insects, unfortunately, can be found very rarely, because birds fly away to warmer climes, animals hibernate, and insects hide from the severe frosts that are typical for winter
Days are much shorter than nights

Despite the cold temperatures and snowstorms, winter is a wonderful time; many games can only be played thanks to the snow that only falls in winter. Skiing, sledding, snowboarding, playing snowballs or sculpting various figures out of snow - these are very exciting and educational activities that are possible only in winter. Therefore, the winter holidays should not be spent sitting in front of a computer monitor, but rather have a great free time with friends or family.

Winter phenomena: snow

Precipitation in frosty weather occurs in the form of crystallized drops of water. As they pass through the cold, the moisture particles freeze, stick together, and fall to the ground. This phenomenon is called snow. It is considered the most common in terms of likelihood of occurring in winter after frost.

It is worth noting that each snowflake does not exceed 5 mm in diameter. However, exceptions (up to 30 mm) have been repeatedly observed in nature. Snowflakes differ in shape from each other. First of all, this concerns the interlacing of edges. Despite this, they all have perfect symmetry and clear contours. Each snowflake is a hexagon. This formation format is determined by the shape of the water molecule, which has 6 faces. That is why, as a result, ice crystals, connecting and growing in the atmosphere, create a perfect hexagon. Humidity and air temperature also affect the shape of a snowflake. The higher the first indicator and the lower the second, the larger and more bizarre the contour will be.

Snowfall in winter plays a very important role. The snowdrift flooring retains heat well, preventing plants and insects from dying in severe frost. Snow also creates a sufficient supply of moisture so that the flora can awaken in time in the spring.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in winter: description of observations

Nature is everything that surrounds us and is created by human hands. Conditionally, nature can be divided into living and nonliving. The first group includes plants, animals, fungi, humans, and microbes. But to inanimate nature: the sun, air, stars, soil, precipitation, etc.

In winter, summer, autumn and spring, all phenomena change smoothly, and this is how we can determine the seasons of the year. Winter is the coldest time of the year, but this is also the most beautiful time. In winter, the season of fun snowball fights opens, children ride on slides and sleds, make a snow woman, and most importantly, everyone is looking forward to a fabulous New Year. This time can be determined by the following signs:

Snow is more often observed in the form of precipitation. Snowflakes fall to the ground either independently or in flakes. And also only in winter you can see snowfall - this is heavy snowfall
Blizzard and blizzard
Ice. Of course, all kids love to skate, but this activity is quite dangerous, so you can only play on the ice if accompanied by adults
Icicles can be found on the roofs of houses and tree branches. Therefore, you need to be careful, and it is better not to walk under houses, because if the temperature gets higher, the icicle can easily melt and fall
Santa Claus decorates the windows with beautiful patterns
All rivers and lakes are covered with a thick layer of ice, which is called freeze-up

Animals in winter
The following changes can be found in living nature:

Many animals change their color, such as the hare, squirrel and fox
Bears and hedgehogs hibernate
Bullfinches and tits arrive and replace the bulk of the birds
People dress in warm clothes

When the snow begins to melt and the patterns on the windows disappear, the sun begins to warm up, and the days become longer - then winter begins to gradually transition into another season - spring. What other signs of the spring season there are are described in the next paragraph.

Natural hazards

These are extreme and severe climate and meteorological events that occur in all parts of the world, but some regions are considered more vulnerable to certain types of events compared to others. Natural hazards become disasters when infrastructure is destroyed and people die. These losses represent major obstacles to human development. It is almost impossible to prevent such cataclysms; all that remains is timely forecasting of events in order to prevent casualties and material damage.

However, the difficulty lies in the fact that dangerous natural phenomena can occur on different scales and at different times. In fact, each of them is unique in its own way, and therefore it is very difficult to predict it. For example, flash floods and tornadoes are destructive but short-lived events that affect relatively small areas. Other dangerous disasters, such as droughts, can develop very slowly but affect entire continents and entire populations. Such disasters last for several months and sometimes years. In order to monitor and predict these events, some national hydrological and meteorological services and special specialized centers are tasked with studying hazardous geophysical phenomena. This includes volcanic eruptions, airborne ash, tsunamis, radioactive, biological, chemical pollution, etc.

Now let's take a closer look at some natural phenomena.

Spring signs of spring in living and inanimate nature: list

Spring is associated with new life, because during this period the earth wakes up from winter hibernation, nature begins to bloom, the first still green petals and bunches appear. This is the most wonderful time, the sun is brighter and the sky is clear, and there is freshness in the air.

It is very easy to understand exactly when spring begins; there are a large number of phenomena and processes that characterize such a season, for example:

The first green flowers appear
Animals wake up from hibernation
Bunnies, squirrels and foxes again change the color of their coats, so they camouflage themselves with their environment. Many animals begin to shed
Buds appear, and from them - flowers
You can hear the singing of birds returning from warmer climes
Spring is the time for the birth of a new generation in animals
Birds begin to build nests

In spring everything comes to life
From inanimate nature:

The first is the melting of snow
Streams begin to gurgle
In winter there are practically no thunderstorms, but in spring you can encounter such a phenomenon
Ice drift - this phenomenon occurs because the ice begins to melt and smoothly moves along the rivers

If you watch what people do, you can also see changes. Spring is considered the time of cleaning, because after winter it is worth cleaning your home. Also, preparations are underway to plant a vegetable garden, especially if a person lives in a rural area.

Earthquakes

Among all natural hazards, earthquakes should take first place. In places where the earth's crust breaks, tremors occur, which cause vibrations of the earth's surface with the release of gigantic energy. The resulting seismic waves are transmitted over very long distances, although these waves have the greatest destructive power at the epicenter of the earthquake. Due to strong vibrations of the earth's surface, massive destruction of buildings occurs. Since quite a lot of earthquakes occur, and the surface of the earth is quite densely built up, the total number of people throughout history who died as a result of earthquakes exceeds the number of all victims of other natural disasters and is estimated in many millions. For example, over the past decade, about 700 thousand people have died from earthquakes around the world. Entire settlements instantly collapsed from the most destructive shocks. Japan is the country most affected by earthquakes, and one of the most catastrophic earthquakes occurred there in 2011. The epicenter of this earthquake was in the ocean near the island of Honshu; on the Richter scale, the force of the tremors reached 9.1. Powerful tremors and the subsequent destructive tsunami disabled the Fukushima nuclear power plant, destroying three out of four power units. Radiation covered a significant area around the station, making densely populated areas, so valuable in Japanese conditions, uninhabitable. The colossal tsunami wave turned into mush what the earthquake could not destroy. Only officially over 16 thousand people died, to which we can safely include another 2.5 thousand who are considered missing. In this century alone, destructive earthquakes occurred in the Indian Ocean, Iran, Chile, Haiti, Italy, and Nepal.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in spring: description of observations

After a cold winter, everyone is looking forward to warmer days. Literally from the very first days of spring, the sun's rays begin to warm up, and at the same time flowers appear, the grass turns green, the trees bloom, and the birds begin to sing. In other words, the Earth comes to life again and wakes up.

The first sign is the snow is melting. The icicles are melting and the beautiful patterns on the windows are gradually disappearing.
The day is getting longer.
If in winter there are often leaden clouds, and the sky is gray and dull, then in spring the sky becomes lighter, the clouds disperse and the sky becomes clean and clear.
Plants also react to the arrival of spring and demonstrate this by the appearance of green leaves, buds, spruce and alder blooming young cones. Flowers gradually bloom, bees and other insects appear.

Nature comes alive in spring

Spring is also associated with the fluffy “seals” of the willow tree; they are carried to church on Palm Sunday. Also, one of the most important spring holidays is March 8th. This is International Women's Day, and flowers such as tulips are considered a symbol.
The birds are flying home again, and this can be heard from the beautiful singing. Swallows begin to build nests and have offspring.
Animals change their warm clothes to lighter ones. At the same time, the color of the coat itself.
People also change their wardrobe, hiding fur coats, warm hats and boots until next winter.

Vienna also has more exciting activities, for example, closer to the May holidays, many go fishing, pick mushrooms, start grilling kebabs and relax a lot in nature, enjoying the beautiful nature.

Summer signs of summer in living and inanimate nature: list

Of course, all children know when summer begins, because... After a hard school year, the long-awaited summer holidays are coming. That is why summer is the most favorite time of the year. Many go to visit their grandmothers or to a resort with their parents. The sea, the beach and a lot of fun await every child. But this is not the only indicator that summer has come; there are also such changes in living and inanimate nature, for example:

Weather. The wind is dry, the temperature is high, so even the nights in summer are quite warm. But if the day is very hot and the sky is clear as a tear, at one moment it can start raining with a thunderstorm, after which you can often see a rainbow
In the morning you can find dew on the leaves and grass
Winds can be strong with variable gusts and frequent changes of direction

Signs of summer
Hot days of summer are diluted by rainy weather, and summer rain is divided into several types:

Ordinary
Short term. It is also called blind or mushroom, accompanied by sunny weather
Shower. It starts suddenly. A large amount of water falls out in a very short time. Accompanied by wind and thunder
City-shaped. Along with the water droplets, hail particles also fall out. They flow powerfully and quickly, which consequently negatively affects agriculture

The grass is bright green
In summer, berries and fruits ripen, flowers bloom
Already at the beginning of summer you can collect mushrooms after the rain

In summer, people dress quite lightly, wear sunglasses and hats to protect them from the hot rays of the sun. In agriculture, summer is a very important period; agronomists and landowners are cultivating the soil, looking after their gardens, picking berries and preserving them for the winter.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in summer: description of observations

Using the textbook “The World Around us,” children starting from the second grade can become familiar with various anomalies and changes in the environment. All these changes change smoothly along with the seasons of the year, which is why they are often called seasonal.

The main objects and phenomena that can be encountered in the summer are:

Hot weather
Strong gusts of warm wind
Rains, after which you can collect mushrooms
Thunder is a sound phenomenon that is often accompanied by lightning
hail
After the rain a rainbow appears
In the morning you can observe such a phenomenon as dew.
The plants are dressed in green petals, there is a scent of flowers, and the fruits are ripening
You can hear birds singing, bees buzzing and crickets ringing
The day is longer than the night and you can watch the beautiful stars through the clear and clear sky.

Beautiful nature
Each season of the year is unique and beautiful in its own way:

In autumn, all nature, plants, animals and people prepare for the cold. Trees turn yellow and shed their leaves, animals make provisions for the winter, change color, and some are preparing for hibernation. Birds fly to warmer climes, and insects hide. People take out warm clothes and umbrellas, collect ripe fruits and wait for frost.
Winter is the time for snow-white fairy tales and fun games in the snow. The entire surface of the earth is covered with a thick layer of snow and ice. With the beginning of winter, children and adults are looking forward to the New Year holidays.
In spring, the earth wakes up from its winter sleep, everything around blossoms, and a fresh aroma soars in the air. Birds return, animals also change their coats and crawl out of their burrows and continue their offspring. You can already find insects, birds and midges. And people are slowly planting vegetable gardens and orchards and preparing for the hot summer.
Summer is my favorite time of year, because... The long-awaited vacation begins. Finally, you can enjoy warm days, soak up the sun and swim in the sea. Already at the beginning of summer you can savor delicious berries and fruits. In the summer you can pick mushrooms, go to the forest to pick flowers and relax in the fresh air.

Winter phenomena: ice

This natural anomaly is directly related to precipitation. It should not be confused with black ice. These are two different concepts.

Ice is a layer of frozen water (when snow melts or after rain). Appears only when the temperature drops noticeably. It forms even at 0 degrees.

Ice is the formation of an ice crust on trees, ground, and wires, which is associated with precipitation on a frozen surface. This phenomenon occurs most often during sudden warming in the upper atmosphere.

Ice is considered one of the most dangerous weather phenomena on earth, as it is associated with severe injuries and car accidents. Nevertheless, such winter natural phenomena are especially interesting and long-awaited for children, because they can skate and sled on the ice, like on a skating rink.

Ice buildup occurs in a matter of hours. But its destruction is proceeding extremely slowly. Most often, this process drags on for several days.