Master class TRIZ Method – “System Operator” technologies as a means of cognitive development of preschool children"

The connection between TRIZ and creative approach

To understand what TRIZ technology and the creative approach have in common, let’s identify some similarities in them. So, both methods are based on the following methods for finding a solution:

• Brainstorming is an active discussion of an object by several participants without preliminary evaluation of proposals. Each person should offer as many options as possible for solving the problem, even if they are unrealistic to implement.
• The method of analogies involves comparing and identifying similarities between two objects. Works great when combined with brainstorming.
• Morphological analysis is a search for solutions for individual elements of a problem and their further combination in work.
• The focal object method is a search for associations with random objects and the use of those properties that are not associated with the main subject.
• Robinson's method involves searching for as many different uses as possible for a selected object.
• A system operator involves finding connections that allow the creation of a separate system.

Historical reference

The TRIZ method was invented by the Soviet engineer and writer Genrikh Saulovich Altshuller. He is also the author of another theory - the development of a creative personality (TRTL).

In 1946, Altshuller studied the techniques that inventors often use to solve problems. As a result of the study, he identified 40 such techniques and called their totality the theory of solving inventive problems. At the same time, the author concluded that the most effective result is achieved through the use of existing resources.

In the 1980s, the theory was used to teach in Soviet schools and improve efficiency in factories. Today this technology is recognized throughout the world. Leading companies such as Intel, HP, Boeing, Ford, Toyota, Kodak and many others are implementing TRIZ practices in their activities. In addition, world conferences on this topic are held annually, and international, Asian and European TRIZ associations have been created. And in 1998, the Altshuller Institute even opened in the USA to train engineers and managers in this technique.

How to use TRIZ to solve a problem

For technology to help solve the problem, it is advisable to follow the following algorithm of actions:

1. Formulate an inventive problem.
2. Analyze the system and determine what parameters it consists of.
3. Identify the contradiction and determine what type it belongs to.
4. Formulate the ideal end result.
5. Identify available resources that will assist in the solution process.
6. Use one or more suitable techniques.
7. Analyze the result.

Decision techniques for TRIZ

TRIZ has identified 40 different methods and techniques for solving contradictions in technical inventive problems. Below I will list 10 of the most popular ones.

Crushing principle

It works like this:

1. divide the object into independent parts;
2. We carry out tasks in disassembled form;
3. increasing the degree of crushing.

The principle of adjudication

Here we separate from the object those parts or properties that interfere or are not needed, or, conversely, we select the necessary elements.

The principle of unification

To implement it we do the following:

1. we connect objects that are homogeneous or intended for related operations;
2. We combine homogeneous or related operations in time.

The principle of "vice versa"

Here we follow this algorithm:

1. we perform the opposite action to what is dictated by the conditions of the task;
2. we make the moving part motionless, and set the motionless part in motion;
3. we turn the object inside out or turn it upside down.

The principle of continuity of useful action

When implementing it, work must be carried out continuously. In this case, all elements must operate at full load at all times, and the performer should eliminate idle and intermediate actions.

The principle of “turning harm into benefit”

A non-standard method, but it works, and in the following way:

1. We use harmful factors to achieve a positive effect;
2. we eliminate a harmful factor by combining it with other harmful factors;
3. we strengthen the harmful factor to such an extent that it ceases to be harmful.

The principle of "intermediary"

To implement it, you should introduce an intermediate object that carries or transmits the action. You can also temporarily attach another easily removable object to an object.

Self-service principle

Everything is simple here - the object maintains itself independently, and, if necessary, performs auxiliary and repair operations.

Copy principle

Instead of an inaccessible, complex, expensive, inconvenient or fragile part, simpler or cheaper copies can be used.

The principle of cheap fragility instead of durability

This means replacing an expensive part with a cheaper set that is inferior to the original in some qualities, such as durability.

The ideal final result in TRIZ

An ideal solution or an ideal final result is a situation in which the problem is solved without any costs or losses. That is, external resources are not used, nothing in the system is complicated, and no undesirable effects appear.

The formulation of an ideal solution can be carried out in three ways, but in any case it is necessary to use the words “himself”, “self”, “independently” and the like. If you formulate the IFR correctly, then the desired effect will be achieved almost free of charge, that is, using already existing resources.

So, three formulations of the IFR are mainly used:

1. The system independently implements this function.
2. There is no system, and its functions are performed using available resources.
3. The function is not necessary.

Types of resources

Resources are everything that is useful and necessary to achieve the desired result. As we remember, to achieve IFR it is necessary to use only those resources that are already available. In TRIZ they are divided into several categories:

• Temporary.
• Informational . This includes books and other media, as well as social channels.
• Material-material . Here it is worth noting equipment, money or parts.
• Spatial . Area, volume and other resources.
• Human . This category includes people themselves, as well as their capabilities, including vision, hearing, smell and touch.
• Energy . Electrical, thermal, atomic energy, sound signals, etc. are distinguished here.
• Other . This includes culture, image and other resources, including past events.