Pedagogical project “Introducing children of primary preschool age to Russian folk culture”
Bibliographic description:
Pedagogical project “Introduction of children of primary preschool age to Russian folk culture” / Yu. V. Botvinko, Yu. P. Gretskaya, I. F. Krivaltsevich [and others]. — Text: direct // Questions of preschool pedagogy. - 2022. - No. 10 (37). — P. 1-8. — URL: https://moluch.ru/th/1/archive/183/5784/ (access date: 01/25/2022).
Life gives birth to a lot of new things, and sometimes in the unstoppable flow of this new, the old, good things are lost. Therefore, the task of every teacher, every educator, just a person who respects himself and the history of his country is not only not to forget these traditions, but also to help ensure that they live and are passed on from generation to generation as the most precious heritage.
K. D. Ushinsky
From the first years of a child’s life, introducing him to culture and universal human values helps lay in him the foundation of morality, patriotism, and forms the foundations of self-awareness and individuality. It is very important to instill in children a sense of love and respect for the cultural values and traditions of the Russian people.
The pedagogical project “Introducing children of primary preschool age to the origins of Russian folk culture” is focused on the main directions in the moral and patriotic education of children.
This project was implemented in three stages.
At the preparatory stage, goals and objectives were formed, directions, objects and methods were determined, preliminary work was carried out with children and parents.
The second stage is the main one. At this stage, activities are implemented that include interaction between teachers, children and parents. Children are introduced to the origins of Russian folk culture through familiarization with folk customs, ritual holidays, traditions, some types of folk arts, folklore, household items, crafts, and features of Russian folk costume. Moral and patriotic education of preschoolers is implemented within the framework of the project through various forms: conversations, educational activities, entertainment, aimed at familiarizing and generalizing children’s knowledge about the family, the Motherland, and significant events in the life of the Russian people.
The third stage is generalizing, aimed at consolidating the acquired knowledge, summarizing the results of the work, and formulating conclusions. The drawn up work plan in this direction highlights the techniques and methods of activity of teachers to ensure the effective implementation of the project in preschool settings. This is precisely the strategy for developing a child’s personal culture as the basis of his love for the Motherland. This system of work allows children from an early age to feel like they are part of the great Russian people, to develop in them a sense of pride in their Motherland, to cultivate love for their family, people, and respect for society.
The project is based on the following principles: creating conditions to stimulate children's interests; building relationships with a child on complicity and co-creation; motivating children's activities using gaming methods and techniques; taking into account individual and age characteristics; consistency; interaction with a child in a kindergarten and family.
Project type: medium-term, educational, collective Project participants: preschool teachers, early and junior preschool children, parents.
Implementation period: January 2020-May 2020
The results of the project are:
− replenishment of the subject-development environment;
− creating conditions for introducing children to Russian folk culture;
− awakening interest in the history and culture of one’s homeland, love for one’s native land;
− broadening the horizons of children through oral folk art, expressed in songs, choruses, carols, and rituals;
− cooperation between teachers and parents in introducing Russian folk culture.
Preschool age is the most important stage in the formation of a person’s personality, its foundation. It is from an early age that it is necessary to cultivate respect for the traditions of ancestors, their wisdom and culture, rituals and customs.
Getting acquainted with the cultural values and traditions of their people from early childhood, drawing inspiration from their close surroundings, children absorb this love; it is on this basis that the prerequisites for morality, patriotism and love for the Motherland are laid. But like any other feeling, patriotism is acquired independently and experienced individually. It is directly related to a person’s personal spirituality, its depth.
Modern children know little about Russian folk traditions, their hometown, country, they are often indifferent to close people, including group mates, and they rarely sympathize with the grief of others. Therefore, it is necessary to awaken in children as early as possible such feelings as love for their native land, to form in them such character traits that will help them become a worthy person and a worthy citizen of their country.
The goal of the project is to create conditions for familiarizing children with the traditions and customs of the Russian people, strengthening the moral and patriotic feelings of preschoolers.
The goal of the project is achieved as the following tasks are solved in unity:
- Create a subject-spatial development environment;
- To form and strengthen children’s knowledge about the origins of Russian folk culture, Russian folk art, folk life, culture, traditions, customs, holidays through various types of activities;
- To promote the active involvement of parents in joint activities with the child in family and kindergarten settings.
Relevance
Introducing children to Russian folk culture is a hot topic today. Children definitely need to know the history of their people, their traditions, culture, crafts, in order to feel part of the Russian people, to feel pride in their country, rich in glorious traditions.
Currently, the problem of introducing the younger generation to the culture and history of their people is relevant, discussed at various levels and is reflected in a number of regulatory documents:
− Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ;
“Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation until 2025,” approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2015 N 996-r identifies, among others, the following priorities of state policy in the field of education:
− formation in children of a high level of spiritual and moral development, a sense of involvement in the historical and cultural community of the Russian people and the fate of Russia
− developing respect for the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, which is the basis of the civil identity of Russians and the main factor of national self-determination.
In addition, 2022 is the year when our country celebrates the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War, this is an important date in the history of our Motherland and we consider it appropriate to form knowledge about the events and a sense of pride in the heroism of compatriots from early preschool age.
conclusions
− A subject-spatial developmental environment has been created that promotes the familiarization of children with folk culture.
− Children have sufficient ideas about Russian folk art, folk life, culture, traditions, customs, and holidays for early and early preschool age;
− Parents are active participants in joint activities with the child in the family and kindergarten.
Practical significance of the results
Children are introduced to the origins of Russian folk culture through familiarization with folk customs; for this purpose, corners have been created in groups that reproduce the atmosphere of Russian folk life. In the corner there appeared a beautiful fairy-tale stove with folk household items, clay and wooden pots, cast iron pots, as well as all the utensils necessary for the stove, which you can touch, play with and plunge into the life of our ancestors. The recreated atmosphere of the everyday life of the Russian people helps awaken curiosity in the child’s soul, allowing him to feel like part of the Russian people.
Children are also introduced to cultural heritage through oral folk art. The use of folklore forms, such as fairy tales, songs, ditties, nursery rhymes, proverbs and sayings, help develop not only the passive, but also the active vocabulary of children, foster love for their native land and lay the first ideas about the culture of the Russian people.
Artistic folk art, strong in images, colors, simplicity and skillful use of materials, cultivates a sense of beauty in children. Motifs of Russian folk art - Dymkovo, Gorodets, Khokhloma painting - form the basis of decorative children's mosaics, the purpose of which is to draw the child's attention to the color, shape and line of the ornament. Folk decorative art has made it possible to develop children's interest, their artistic perception, and contributes to the further development of their aesthetic experiences and judgments.
In the system of work to introduce preschool children to the origins of Russian folk culture, Russian folk games are an integral part. Children's favorite games: “By the bear in the forest”, “Geese-geese”, “The little gray bunny is sitting”. etc. These games use a variety of attributes: masks, illustrations, Russian folk instruments. All this is fascinating, stimulates curiosity and creates increased interest in these games among children.
Song has always been an invariable companion of folk games. Under musical accompaniment, children learn musical and rhythmic movements, gradually entering the round dance game. A number of round dance games are based on combining song with movement. These are the games “Loaf”, “Zainka”, “On a Level Path”, “Vesnyanka”. We can safely say that folk games influence the education of the mind, character, will, develop moral feelings, and physically strengthen the child.
Children's acquaintance with traditions and rituals began with a puppet and finger theater, a “mummering corner”, where children themselves choose a costume, scarf, beads, sundress, basket and, using made masks, find themselves in the world of a fairy tale. Taking part in holidays such as Christmas, Spring, Easter, children learned about the traditions and rituals of the Russian people. At Easter, children like to exchange toy painted eggs and play with them the games “Rolling on the table” and “Bring it, don’t drop it.” “Christmas carols” are understandable to children because on this holiday they can sing carols, dress up dolls and dress up themselves, and then go to groups, sing and accept treats.
Not a single holiday in Rus' took place without music. Folk music shows the sounds of folk instruments and songs in all its beauty. We begin the children's first acquaintance with such folk instruments as wooden spoons, balalaikas, bells and rattles. Children look at them with great interest, take them in their hands, trying out the sound.
Patriotic education of preschool children according to the Federal State Educational Standard implies the education of a physically healthy individual. Therefore, physical development is an integral part of the educational process. Sports games and competitions not only develop children, but also form a sense of team, unity of interests, strengthen family ties and traditions.
Solving the problems of moral and patriotic education is possible only in interaction with the family. Modern approaches to interaction between preschool educational institutions and families include treating parents as partners and involving them in the life of the kindergarten. Family education is emotional in nature, it is based on love and affection. It is no coincidence that the main task of patriotic education is to cultivate love for parents, loved ones, home, kindergarten, and small homeland.
By forming ideas about your family, your kind. As part of this work, the wall newspapers “How I spent the New Year holidays”, “Family Tree” and the presentation “My great-grandfather is a hero” were designed. All this contributed to the fact that children developed a humane attitude towards family members and their activities, and formed ideas about family values and traditions.
They tried to make work with parents not only educational, but also informational and practical: they arranged consultations, organized joint creative competitions, and an open day. Interaction with parents was aimed at attracting participation:
− exhibitions of drawings, crafts, photo exhibitions held in kindergarten,
− at joint events - by their example they showed children their attitude to the social side of kindergarten life, and shared their traditions.
For parents of students, we compile reminders, booklets, and tips on instilling in their children love for their native land and respect for elders.
It is worth noting that parents began to pay more attention to the beauty of their hometown when communicating with their children. Together with the children we took part in the design of the walking area. They began to pay more attention to reading books to children about their homeland, its heroes, traditions, and the culture of their people. They try to be a role model for their children in relation to older people.
A big role in moral and patriotic education belongs to the teacher, because the teacher’s worldview, his personal example, views, judgments, and active life position are the most effective factors in education. No amount of knowledge of a teacher will have any effect if he himself does not love his country, his city, his people. The team of teachers of the Ermine preschool department annually sets itself one of the most important tasks to develop and deepen the patriotic feelings of children and adults.
Project implementation schedule
1 junior early age group
| Dates | Form of work | Events |
| January | ||
| 2–3 week | Conversation “Wonderful winter holidays with family.” Goal: to form in children an idea of the family, a moral attitude towards family traditions, and expand knowledge about their immediate environment. To instill in children love and respect for family members, to show the value of family for every person and to show care for loved ones. Looking at illustrations of New Year's books, reading poems and fairy tales. Finger game “My Family” | Entertainment "Goodbye, Christmas Tree" Goal: to introduce children to festive culture, to cultivate a desire to take part in holidays, to participate in joint games and to instill a feeling of joy in children. Give children the pleasure of repeating familiar poems, songs, dances, and round dances that they learned for the New Year holiday. Consultation for parents “Family and family values.” |
| 4 week | Conversation “My family is big” Goal: to form in children an idea of the family, a moral attitude towards family traditions, and expand knowledge about their immediate environment. To instill in children love and respect for family members, to show the value of family for every person and to show care for loved ones. | Joint activities of children and parents, design of a family collage “Family Tree”. |
| February | ||
| 1–2 week | Conversation “I’ll join the army to protect my home.” Goal: to introduce children to the city in which he lives, to give an initial idea of “Defender of the Fatherland Day” - to cultivate in children a desire to take care of the older generation, grandfather, father, to love and respect them. Foster love for the Motherland. | Design of a corner for patriotic education. Viewing the fairy tale “Teremok”, a performance for children of the younger group for young children “Older to Younger” |
| 3–4 week | Conversation “Russian folk culture” Goal: acquaintance with native culture, toys of folk craftsmen, folk musical instruments, and folk arts and crafts. | Consultation for parents “How to play with a matryoshka doll” |
| March | ||
| 1–2 week | Conversation “Spring Holiday - March 8th”. Purpose: to give children ideas about spring and spring phenomena - birds have arrived, the sun is shining brightly, spring flowers are appearing; talk about the spring holiday “March 8”. | Entertainment "Mom's Day!" Goal: to cultivate a respectful, friendly attitude towards mother, to cultivate a desire to take part in holidays, to participate in joint games, to evoke a feeling of joy in children Making gifts for mothers and grandmothers “Spring flowers”. |
| 3–4 week | Conversation “Life of the Russian people” Goal: to give basic ideas about the Russian hut, to arouse interest in antique things (stove, cast iron, cradle), to enrich children’s vocabulary with new words. | Entertainment “Meeting of Spring” Goal: creating a festive mood in children and parents with the arrival of the new season. Introduce children to Russian history. Teach respect for the origins of Russian culture. |
| April | ||
| 1–2 week | Acquaintance with folklore and round dance games. Goal: to introduce children to the origins of Russian culture, introduce them to folk games, and cultivate interest in folklore. | Making a card index. |
| 3–4 week | Theatrical activities. Introduce tabletop theater; learn to follow the story carefully. | Decoration of the corner arts and crafts. Family theater: puppet theater “Spring in the Forest” based on Russian folk tales (parents). |
| May | ||
| 1–2 week | Conversation "Victory Day". Goal: to introduce children to the Victory Day holiday, to tell basic information about the Great Patriotic War. Examination of illustrations: flag, military equipment, eternal flame. | Crafts and drawings. Collection of information and production of the book “My Great-Grandfather is a Hero” |
| 3–4 week | Conversation “Folk crafts”. Goal: to give initial ideas about Russian crafts and trades, to develop aesthetic perception and taste, to cultivate a love for the folk toy matryoshka. | Consultation for parents “How to play with a matryoshka doll.” Family theater: dramatic play “Just Like That” based on the cartoon of the same name (children are active participants in the play) |
Project implementation schedule
2nd junior group
| Dates | Form of work | Products of project activities. |
| January | ||
| 2 week | Conversation with children on the topic “New Year holidays for my family.” Goal: To form the prerequisites for the moral and patriotic education of children through getting to know the family. Cultivate love and caring attitude towards your family members. | Design of the wall newspaper “How I spent the New Year holidays” (children + parents). Consultation for parents “Kindness comes into the home.” |
| 3 week | Conversation with children on the topic “The Nativity of Christ.” Goal: to introduce children to the holiday of Christmas; give children basic ideas about the holiday of Christmas; cultivate interest in folk holidays. Develop children's vocabulary through words: Nativity, Christmas story, Bethlehem, Christmas star, baby, wise men. | Entertainment "Christmas carols". Goal: To introduce preschoolers to Russian folk traditions (caroling, fortune telling, folk games.) To cultivate a desire to observe folk traditions. Learning carols. |
| 4 week | Conversation with children on the topic “I love my kindergarten.” Goal: Formation of spiritual and moral attitudes and feelings towards kindergarten. To cultivate love for kindergarten, respect for the work of adults, and a kind attitude towards each other. To develop children's speech, horizons, thinking, memory, imagination. | Compiling a card index “Russian folk games”. Consultation “Teach children to be friends.” Card file “Development of a child’s speech: tongue twisters, tongue twisters” |
| February | ||
| 1 Week. | Conversation with children on the topic “My city is Novosibirsk.” Goal: to form ideas about your hometown. | A selection of illustrations, photographs, books about your hometown. Design of a corner for patriotic education. |
| Week 2. | Conversation with children on the topic “Children’s Rights” | A dramatization of the fairy tale "Teremok" - children of the younger group for young children "Elders for the Younger". |
| Week 3. | Conversation with children on the topic “Defender of the Fatherland Day.” Goal: to give an initial idea of “Defender of the Fatherland Day” - to cultivate in children a desire to take care of the older generation, grandfather, father, to love and respect. To cultivate love for the Motherland, for the Russian army, respect for the Russian soldier. | Sports entertainment "Brave guys". Making gifts for dads “Airplane”. |
| Week 4. | Conversation with children about the holiday “Maslenitsa Week” Goals: To introduce children to the traditions of the Russian people: To give an idea of the Maslenitsa holiday (farewell to winter, games, welcoming spring, baking pancakes). | Consultation "Mamatherapy". |
| March | ||
| 1 Week. | Conversation with children on the topic “Dear mothers, golden mothers.” Goal: fostering love and respect for your mother. | Entertainment "Mom's Day!" Goal: to cultivate a respectful, friendly attitude towards mother, to cultivate a desire to take part in holidays, to participate in joint games, to evoke a feeling of joy in children |
| Week 2. | Conversation with children on the topic “What is a book?” Goal: acquaintance with the book as a source of knowledge. | Exhibition of children's books (children + parents). |
| Week 3. | Conversation with children on the topic “Russian folk tales” Goal: To form in children an understanding of the genre of Russian folk art “fairy tale”, teach them to listen carefully to a work, understand the meaning of what they read, and answer questions. | Compiling a card index with nursery rhymes Consultation for parents “Why do children need fairy tales?” |
| Week 4. | Conversation with children on the topic “Russian folk toy (clay toys: Dymkovo, Filimonovskaya; wooden toys - whistles, nesting dolls, tops; handmade folk dolls, etc.)” Goal: Introduction to Russian folk art. Expand your understanding of what our grandparents played. | Entertainment “Meeting Spring”. Goal: creating a festive mood in children and parents with the arrival of the new season. Introduce children to Russian history. Teach respect for the origins of Russian culture. |
| April. | ||
| 1 Week. | Conversation with children on the topic “Acquaintance with folk instruments”: balalaika, pipe, spoons, tambourine. | Musical and didactic game “Noise Orchestra” |
| Week 2. | Conversation with children on the topic “Russian folk costume.” Goal: to introduce children to Russian folk costume. | Selection of illustrations of national costumes. |
| Week 3. | Acquaintance with Russian folklore, active and round dance games. Goal: to introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture; introduce folk games; to develop a love for oral folk art; cultivate interest in folklore. Promote the development of memory and coherent speech. | Russian folk outdoor games: “By the bear in the forest”, “The gray bunny is sitting”, “Geese-swans”, “Salki”. Performance by the “Family Theatre” with the puppet theater “Spring in the Forest” based on Russian folk tales (parents). |
| Week 4. | Conversation with children on the topic “My Motherland Russia.” Goal: To tell children about the state symbols of Russia: the flag - the symbolic meaning of the color, the anthem, the coat of arms. To form a respectful attitude towards the state symbols of Russia. To cultivate a feeling of love for your Motherland - Russia. | Consultation for parents “How to introduce preschool children to the Victory Day holiday.” |
| May. | ||
| 1 Week. | Conversation with children on the topic “Victory Day”. Goal: To introduce children to the Victory Day holiday and evoke feelings of pride in their country. Tell basic information about the Great Patriotic War. Cultivate pride and respect for great-grandparents. | Design of the book of memory “My great-grandfather is a hero.” Goal: to tell young children that their family is made up of many people. Introduce people to their great-grandfathers and tell them, in an accessible form, about the heroism of people during the war. |
| Week 2. | Examination of orders, monuments, military equipment, uniforms. | Compiling a card index “Our dear army”, “Military equipment”. |
| Week 3. | Memorizing poems, listening to war songs. | Consultation “The role of the family in the revival of folk traditions.” |
| Week 4. | Conversation with children on the topic “How beautiful this world is.” Goal: to teach children to see the beauty of their native nature around them. Notice the revived nature, the blossoming trees, the flowers in the flower beds, listen to the singing birds, watch the insects. | Performance by the Family Theater with the dramatic play “Just Like That” based on the cartoon of the same name (children are active participants in the play) |
Literature:
- Alexandrova E. Yu., Gordeeva E. P. System of patriotic education in preschool educational institutions. — Volgograd “Teacher”, 2007.
- Andreeva N. F. Planning work on patriotic education in preschool educational institutions // Management of preschool educational institutions. — 2005. No. 1.
- Davydova O. I., Vyalkova, S. M. Conversations about the responsibility and rights of the child / O. I. Davydova, S. M. Vyalkova - M.: TC Sfera, 2008.
- Children about the Great Victory / Kazakov A.P., Shorygina T.A., - M., 2007.
- Knyazeva O. L., Makhaneva M. D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture. St. Petersburg Childhood-Press, 1998.
- Klienov A.P. Folk crafts. Moscow. White City, 2002.
- Komarova T. S. Children in the world of creativity. Moscow. Mnemosyne
- Melnikov M. N. Russian children's folklore: M.: Education, 1987–240 p.
- Folk art in raising children. Under. ed. T. S. Komarova, M.: Publishing house “Russian Pedagogical Childhood”, 1999–208 p.
- Ostrovskaya L.F. Conversations with parents about the moral education of a preschooler. - M.: Education, 1987.
- Flukova L. B. Education with a fairy tale. - Kharkov., 1996.-127 p.
