Organization of active recreation in preschool institutions

Organization of active recreation in preschool institutions

This academic year, in the year of the 22nd Winter Olympics, we will all become more familiar with physical education and sports than ever before!

The greatest teacher and pediatrician E.A. Arkin in his book “Preschool Age” emphasized that the physical education of a preschooler consists not only of performing muscle exercises, mastering hygiene skills and promoting health. He believed that physical culture in preschool age is “a culture of feelings, attention, will, beauty, culture of the whole character” [2, p. 132].

And of course, all these qualities are best developed through active recreation for preschoolers, as one of the forms of organizing the motor activity of preschoolers. What associations do you have regarding active recreation for preschool children?

This is something sunny! Because it's summer. How much joy, light and pleasure active recreation brings! It contains everything: meetings, handshakes of friends, and wishes to each other. And also - enthusiasm, competitive spirit, success and failure, interesting games and exciting attractions!

Active recreation is a cultural and leisure activity that relieves fatigue and tension, restores both the physical and emotional resources of the child.

The specificity of active recreation is to create an environment that encourages the creative use of existing motor skills and abilities in the process of playful communication with peers and adults.

We organize the content of active recreation activities in accordance with:

• age characteristics,

• health status, physical fitness of children;
• the content of the physical education program and the amount of educational material covered;
• time of year, weather and climatic conditions;

Forms of organizing active recreation

- physical education holidays;

— physical education;

— days of health;

— health weeks;

- preschool tourism (outings - hikes, excursions, travel, activities in clubs);

— small forms of active recreation (physical education minutes, physical education breaks)

The basis of all activities is the motor activity of children. Their main goal is to satisfy the natural biological need for movement.

Conditions:

• activation of each participant;
• widespread use of various gaming techniques, gaming exercises, riddles, and musical works;

The theme determines the content of the event, humor, music, games, competitions, and a joyful atmosphere contribute to the activation of motor activity.

Select exercises that children have mastered in the process of educational activities. They can be updated by introducing unexpected conditions, unusual benefits and ways of organization. Load control and regulation techniques are widely used.

• ensure high physical activity of children.

Tasks:

The results of experimental studies by G. Lehnert and I. Lachman indicate that various types of active recreation provide restoration of a number of physiological functions, as well as the prevention of neurotic conditions associated with overexertion.

It should be noted that active recreation, which organically combines different types of activities (motor, play, cognitive, work, communication), contributes to both the improvement and enrichment of the general cultural development of the child.

Active recreation, built on the predominant use of play exercises and outdoor games, is an effective means of developing interest in physical activity.

1. Develop basic physical qualities: endurance, attention, courage, perseverance, organization.
2. Foster a sense of collectivism and friendship.

Active recreation, which involves collective motor actions, opens up great opportunities for the formation of children's social behavior, since it ensures a high degree of their interaction.

Physical education and holidays

— the most effective forms of active recreation for preschool children.

The main differences between physical education leisure and holidays:

- physical leisure activities are held 1-2 times a month, holidays - 1-2 times a year;

- physical leisure is intended for 1-2 groups of kindergarten, holiday - for children of all ages. institutions (for other gardens - 2 or more);

- duration of leisure time - duration of recreational activity, holiday - 1 hour (no more than 90 minutes);

- leisure is spent in a normal setting, indoors or on a site, with the usual attributes, a holiday is spent outdoors: on a site, at a stadium, in a forest clearing, in a park;

Recently, sports competitions for preschool children and small Olympic games have become widespread. Analysis of observations showed that getting involved in holding such mass events is not always advisable with preschoolers, because negatively affects the health of children, overwork occurs in the child’s nervous system that has not yet become stronger.

The structure of the holiday is as follows:

• the opening begins with the participants entering the site,
• then formation, raising the flag,
• Next is the parade of participants.
• After the ceremonial part, there are demonstration performances consisting of general developmental exercises with various formations and objects.
• Games with elements of competition, relay races, various types of sports exercises and sports games bring great excitement.
• Maintaining interest and creating a festive mood is facilitated by the inclusion of a “surprise moment” in the content.
• The conclusion summarizes the results. There is an awards ceremony for children, a general round dance or dance, and a parade of participants.

Health days, health week

The daily routine is filled with active physical activity of children, independent games, and musical entertainment. During the cold season, stay outdoors is extended as much as possible. In the warm season, children’s whole life is transferred to the open air.

The health day begins with a morning reception for children, which can take place in an entertaining, comic form. Children and parents are asked to complete various fun tasks before they get into the group: this could be an “obstacle course,” asking riddles about sports, and so on.

Parents and kindergarten workers are invited to attend morning exercises.

The further program of the first half of the health day is different for each group. It includes the simplest hiking trips, outdoor games and exercises, competitions, contests and so on. It would be advisable to coincide with this by introducing new physical education aids and motor toys. Colorful, unusual design of the territory of the kindergarten and group areas helps to lift the mood and increase the activity of children in games.

In the afternoon, a physical education holiday or physical leisure time can be held.

During the holidays, optimal conditions are created for children’s daily, independent motor and artistic activities, hiking and other physical education activities are held.

The purpose of Health Day and Health Week is to prevent the nervous system, improve the health of the body and maintain a positive emotional state of the child’s psyche.

Health Day is held from the second junior group.

Conducted at least once a quarter.

On this day, his stay in the air, in nature, is ensured. On this day, educational forms of work with children that require intellectual stress are not carried out. Children play interesting, favorite games, listen to music, sing, engage in creative activities, work activities, and have fun communicating with each other. A festive, joyful atmosphere reigns in the groups; the teacher tries to prevent conflicts and ensures calm communication between children and each other.

Health week (holidays)

The next form of active recreation is a vacation or a health week as it is now commonly called.

Health Week in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard can be held within the framework of a thematic week.

The content of such weeks consists of organizing artistic, creative, musical and physical education activities.

They are held 2-3 times a year: in early January, in the summer (the third time may be at the end of March).

Organizing a vacation requires careful preparation of the teacher, thoughtfulness and a creative atmosphere.

Preschool tourism

We are still very hesitant to introduce this form of active recreation into teaching activities for various reasons: mainly because of safety, complexity in organization.

Interestingly thought-out motor activities of children in natural conditions develop preschoolers’ interest in tourism and physical education, and increase motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

Types of preschool tourism:

• tourist walk
• tourist excursion
• tourist trip.

A tourist walk as a short-term group outing with an active method of movement around the territory of a kindergarten or microdistrict for the purpose of relaxation and learning.

A tourist excursion is considered as a group visit to one or more excursion sites for educational and educational purposes.

A tourist trip is the passage of a group along a certain route in an active way of learning, physical development, performing socially useful and local history work along the way, certain sports and tourist standards, and meaningful recreation.

Before you go on a camping trip with your children, you need to introduce them to this exciting sport. Through a series of educational activities, children should learn who tourists are, why people engage in tourism, and what they need to know and be able to do to become a tourist. In practical classes, children master the skills of properly packing a backpack, using a compass and a route map.

The most acceptable are educational and training trips.

Based on the content of all types of tourism training, the main means of tourism in working with preschoolers include:

• physical exercises with maximum use of the natural and social environment, aimed at developing physical qualities, coordination abilities, rational overcoming of natural obstacles and mastering the technique of movement in walking and skiing;
• special motor tasks for the development of spatial orientation;
• outdoor games with search situations indoors and on the ground;

Hikes are carried out regularly, starting from the 2nd junior group, taking into account the age characteristics and capabilities of the child of this group, his state of health, individual indicators and doctor’s recommendations. The teacher carefully prepares for field trips and plans them on a calendar. Schoolchildren, older brothers and sisters, prominent athletes and other interesting people are often invited.

Approximate structure of a walk/trip:

• collection and movement until the first halt (15-35 minutes);
• stop, rest, natural history activity (10-20 min);
• a set of games and exercises (25-30 min);
• independent activity of children (15-20 min);
• gathering of pupils and return to kindergarten (15-20 min).

The content of walks and hikes depends on the chosen topic and time of year. You can organize observation of insects, birds, collection of natural material, reading natural history literature and a conversation about what you have heard.

When conducting walks and hikes with children, teachers follow certain safety rules:

• the upcoming route is carefully studied and approved by the head of the preschool educational institution;
• the content of the event is clearly planned and the appropriate equipment is selected (individual backpacks, fresh drinking water, disposable cups according to the number of children, attributes for organizing sports, didactic games, independent activities of preschoolers;
• It is mandatory to have a first aid kit; every adult accompanying a group of children must know its contents well and be able to use it;
• clothing and footwear of the participants of the walk/hike must correspond to the season and weather conditions.

Walks – hikes are organized in the first half of the day at the expense of the time allocated for morning walks and physical education activities in the air.

Small forms of active recreation for preschoolers.

These include physical education minutes (FM), physical education breaks (PE) and physical education mini-breaks (FMP).

Physical education sessions are physical exercises aimed at restoring children’s performance. Often teachers conduct complex physical education sessions. Such complexes consist of 3-5 exercises and last no more than 1.5-3 minutes.

Physical education breaks differ from physical education minutes primarily in their duration and are carried out for 6-10 minutes (6-8 exercises). But their main difference is that during physical education sessions, more specific tasks are solved (relieving fatigue from the muscles of the back, neck, arms, etc.). When carrying out physical training breaks (they are also called dynamic breaks), in addition to achieving the same goals, a slight reduction in mental fatigue is ensured. Physical education breaks can be carried out in the form of a set of general developmental exercises, dance and rhythmic gymnastics

or rhythmic dance.

Physical education mini-breaks are the shortest form of active rest and are performed for 20-30 seconds (up to 1 minute). Most often, physical education mini-breaks take place without much movement. This can be head movements, shaking movements of the arms and legs, bending over, breathing exercises, and eye exercises.

All exercises of small forms of active recreation can be divided according to their focus and effect on the body:

• a group of general impact exercises that help activate various systems (nervous, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory) of the child’s body;
• sets of exercises used for fatigue of the shoulder girdle, neck, arms;
• a group of exercises aimed at restoring the functionality of the hands and fingers;
• a group of exercises used for eye fatigue;
• a group of exercises that help increase the excitability of the nervous system or have a mobilizing nature (used for monotonous work);
• a group of exercises aimed at activating attention, facilitating switching from one activity to another;
• sets of exercises that promote the formation and strengthening of posture;
• exercises aimed at relaxing muscles and breathing (used during intense mental and physical work)

Practice shows that a positive result is ensured by close contact with medical staff and family.

The family largely determines children’s attitude towards physical education and their interest in sports. Therefore, it is important to carry out the work in close cooperation with parents.

The effectiveness of this work is obvious:

During active recreation, children get the opportunity to show independence and initiative; conditions are created for emotional and psychological well-being.

project “Active weekend for the whole family”

These seemingly useless objects can easily be turned into fun toys and aids for performing various exercises.

Children in physical education classes and independent activities should, first of all, be interested.

And here equipment, especially non-standard equipment, plays a big role.

Having set one of the goals of creating new non-standard equipment that helps the full physical development of children, the following tasks are solved:

— Ensure high motor activity, improving children’s movements and their physical qualities.

— Develop creative imagination, desire for activity, independence.

— To develop children’s interest in the process of movements using non-standard equipment.

- Cultivate friendly relationships between children, the desire to come to the aid of each other.

Along with conventional equipment, physical education areas should have non-standard equipment. It must comply with the requirements of the “Instructions for the Protection of the Life and Health of Children,” be easily sanitized, and ensure the safety of children during games and activities. The use of non-standard aids adds variety to physical activities and allows for wider use of familiar exercises.

Non-standard equipment combines physical education with play, which creates conditions for the most complete self-expression of the child in physical activity.

Effectively using physical education equipment means ensuring the optimal duration of its use throughout the day in different forms and types of activities in order to achieve children’s mastery of all types of physical exercises, their motor creativity at the level of age and individual capabilities. One of the methods for increasing the efficiency of using physical education equipment is novelty, which is created by introducing new non-standard equipment, changing portable equipment, and various aids into unique complexes (obstacle courses, houses, fences, barriers). Children of all ages perform exercises with non-standard physical education equipment with great pleasure and achieve good results.

Appendix 3

Weekend route

(series of instructions for parents)

Target:

Involve parents in joint active activities in matters of physical education.

Tasks:

Ensure the physical and emotional development of the child in the preschool and family.

To form an active position of parents in raising children, to increase their degree of participation in the pedagogical process.

Educate parents in order to improve psychological and pedagogical culture;

Cheat sheets for exams and tests

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Forms of active recreation in preschool educational institutions. Physical education holidays and leisure. (Preparation of teachers and children for the holiday; content of the physical holiday; the role of the presenter; the meaning of the surprise moment).

There are the following forms of organizing active recreation in the system of physical education and health work of a preschool institution:

— physical education;

— physical education holidays;

- health days, holidays.

Physical education holidays are an effective form of active recreation for children , which have established themselves as the most acceptable and effective form of active recreation for children. Many years of practice in preschool institutions have shown the importance of the physical education holiday in the active involvement of each child in physical education.

Physical education festivals are mass entertainment events of a demonstrative and entertaining nature , promoting physical culture, improving movements, and cultivating character traits such as collectivism, discipline, and respect for opponents. In a rational combination with other types of physical education, they help create an appropriate motor regime, which serves to increase functional capabilities, improve the performance and hardening of children.

Physical education holidays are significant for the comprehensive development and education of children . During the holiday, they take an interested part in a variety of physical activities - exercises, outdoor and sports games, relay races, dances, and attractions. Acting with great emotional enthusiasm, striving to achieve better results in a competitive environment, children improve physically. The manifestation of independence and initiative in a group of peers contributes to the active use by preschoolers of previously acquired motor skills and abilities, the development of dexterity, speed, strength, endurance, spatial orientation and other useful qualities and abilities.

The program of education and training in kindergarten provides physical education holidays for children of middle, senior and preparatory school groups . Children of this age are already quite independent, they have access to collective interaction in games and other activities, participation in competitions, attractions, dramatization is interesting and understandable, they are proactive when carrying out assignments or roles, are able to mobilize efforts to achieve better results, and correctly perceive the assessment of their actions , behavior. At the beginning of the year, physical education holidays are planned and their themes are outlined. This allows us to provide the most appropriate combinations with public holidays.

Most suitable for preschool children are physical education holidays that are organized for pupils of one preschool institution. At the same time, sometimes it is allowed to unite two or three groups of older preschoolers from two or three nearby kindergartens.

A physical education holiday is a special, joyful event in a child’s life . It demonstrates a healthy lifestyle, represents achievements in the formation of motor skills and psychophysical qualities. The dynamics of the motor content of a physical education holiday, holding it in the fresh air, and the festive decoration of the venue create a joyful, upbeat mood in the child .

In any form of organizing a physical education holiday for preschoolers , it should be a real holiday for children ; it is unacceptable for a children’s holiday to develop into entertainment for adults, especially for physical education holidays with a competitive focus, organized on the initiative of sports organizations. It is unacceptable to select festival participants from children who distinguished themselves in competitions. This approach does not correspond to the characteristics of the mental and physical development of a preschool child. Selecting children who show only the best results does not contribute to solving the most important educational tasks facing a preschool institution, and does not aim to ensure a truly mass enthusiasm for children in physical education.

One of the most important requirements for organizing holidays is to hold them in different seasons of the year. Taking this into account, they can take place in a variety of natural terrain conditions. For example, a physical education holiday can be organized not only at the site of a preschool institution, but also in a park, at a stadium, in the natural conditions of the natural environment - in a forest, in a meadow, on the shore of a lake, sea, river. The theme, structure, specifics, preparatory work and design largely depend on the specific location of the holiday.

The entire teaching staff takes part in the preparation and holding of the holiday : the head, senior teacher, music director, physical education teacher, educators. is drawn up , colorful attributes and special clothes for children are prepared.

Whenever possible, children participate in the preparation of festive decorations . In preparation for the holiday, they are given excursions to the stadium, conversations, illustrations are examined, and poems are learned.

Teachers involve children in making various crafts to decorate the sports ground and gymnasium, clearing the skating rink, laying ski tracks, marking running and cycling paths, places for games, as well as selecting and placing physical education equipment and inventory, preparing costumes, and holiday attributes . Even the smallest ones, not only participants, but also fans, receive tasks; appropriate to their preparedness. As a result of such versatile creative activity, many problems of labor education are solved. Children are enriched with new ideas and knowledge , they awaken interest in their surroundings , and understand the ideological orientation of a physical education festival on a certain topic.

Scenario development : one of the most important sections of work in preparation for a physical education festival is the development of a scenario, which is entrusted to a commission from among the employees of the preschool institution: senior teacher, teacher of children's groups performing at the festival, music director. In the case when children from several preschool institutions unite at the holiday, teachers and music directors of these kindergartens take part in the work of the commission.

During the preparation of the group, the group of employees responsible for developing the script seeks the help of experienced and creative educators, parents, involves them in drawing up greetings, roll calls, competitions, writing poems, and consults with them on other numbers of the program.

The scenario of the physical education holiday is based on the programmatic and methodological requirements for the physical, hygienic, aesthetic, and moral education of preschool children. When developing a holiday , you should take into account its main idea, the motto under which it takes place. So, for example, for holidays held under the motto “Sun, air and water are our best friends”, “Health is strength”, “We grow healthy, strong, cheerful”, the main tasks are to promote the importance of physical culture, hygienic factors, natural forces of nature, as the most important means of promoting health, hardening, improving body functions, and cultivating children’s interest in physical exercise and games.

The program of a physical education holiday , as one of the types of active recreation for children, includes a variety of physical exercises and fun outdoor games that reflect the motor skills acquired by the child. A big place is occupied by games, relay races, and collective performances of children , in which they demonstrate how strong, strong, and fast they have become. The holiday program includes movements previously learned in physical education classes. They bring joy and pleasure to the child.

Active motor activity of all children at a physical education festival is an important factor in its educational effectiveness. The organizers of the holiday need to make sure that none of the children are among the regular spectators, fans ; it is advisable that the children all together and alternately in teams participate in different numbers of the program, help the presenters and judges .

In literary and artistic material: poems, songs, team-to-team addresses, etc. The meaning of morning exercises and fun outdoor games is revealed. It is appropriate to use a poem, game images, plot situations that allow you to show in a humorous form what a negative attitude towards hygiene, neglect of physical education, fear of fresh air, etc. lead to.

Music plays a significant role in the holiday, creating an emotional upsurge, a cheerful, cheerful, joyful mood.

Physical education holidays are varied in content and structure .

The content of the physical education festival largely depends on the season of the year, and the specific conditions in which it is held.

Winter physical education holidays are interesting and exciting . Their content reflects the time of year and includes sledding, skating, skiing, as well as sports games (hockey), various outdoor games, mass simple dances and surprise moments. At the winter holiday, the child does not sing songs and poems. Surprise moments are the source of children's joy.

Wide scope for selecting a variety of exercises and games opens up when holding physical education events in the open air in the summer . Under these conditions, it is possible to include in the content of the holiday mass performances by children that require large free space, relay games with running, jumping and running, throwing at a target and at a distance, balance exercises in different conditions, as well as tasks performed on bicycles and scooters, elements of sports games (basketball, badminton, football), fun attractions (running with tied legs in pairs, rope jumping, etc.).

The content of a physical education festival on the water is unique - in the pool, on the seashore. During the course, children show their skills in performing preparatory exercises for swimming (sliding, floating, diving headlong into water, jumping into the water, etc.), swimming with and without supporting objects. At the same time, a variety of games, attractions, in and near the water are widely included.

The opening of the holiday usually begins with a ceremonial part, the exit of the participants into the hall or onto the sports ground, followed by a formation, submission of a report, and a greeting from the head of the kindergarten. Depending on the theme and motto of the holiday, children can be greeted by athletes, doctors, etc.

At the beginning of the holiday, a roll call is held and a common song is performed, in which the ideological orientation of the holiday is clearly expressed. The opening ends with the raising of the flag and a parade of participants .

The holiday consists of three parts .

The first part of the holiday, as a rule, takes place in the form of a physical education parade , which begins with a general procession of children, divided into separate teams, walking with their badges, pennants, and emblems. The movements are performed to the accompaniment of music, poetry, and songs, which causes a high emotional upsurge.

After the physical education parade, children demonstrate their skills in games and exercises. Senior groups participate in competitions in running, throwing, jumping, etc.; relay games, games with elements of competition, sports games. The holiday can include a variety of attractions. This part of the holiday is carried out taking into account the time for each age group and all participants.

In the second part of the holiday, a puppet theater, performances by schoolchildren, adults, story walks, etc. can be organized. In this part, various surprise moments are necessarily introduced: the appearance of fairy-tale characters, a magician, dancers, etc.

At the end of the holiday , guests, children, parents, teachers and kindergarten staff perform a common dance, improvising and having fun.