Color science for children. Basics of color science

Color science for children

All adults are well aware that the world is filled with many colors and their shades, but small children of kindergarten age are not even aware of this variety of colors until they are told and shown about it.

The science and technique of studying color variations with a child, or with a novice artist, is called color science. To explain to your child the number and names of colors, you need to prepare properly, for which you will need to stock up on the following available materials:

Colored paper and pencils;
Paints;
Colored cubes, or parts of a construction set;
In order to explain the names and number of colors to a girl, you can try to buy multi-colored bows or hairpins; a boy will most likely learn colors better using the example of cars. With the help of toys, color learning activities with children can be fun and interesting.

Color science for children. Where to begin

Studying color science with children should begin with a story about how people are surrounded by colors throughout their lives; as an example, you can ask the child to name the color of the clothes they are currently wearing. If the child copes with this task, it is necessary to continue the story and explain that there are only three pure colors, they are considered yellow, red and blue, while the rest of the colors are just derivatives of those listed.

You can also use paper and paints, mix blue with yellow, resulting in green, which must be clearly demonstrated to children.

Continuing the lesson, you need to name the most common colors, also telling the children that the rainbow contains the most colors - as many as 7, after which you should ask the children to draw a rainbow using brushes or pencils. You can also suggest making a rainbow from sheets of colored paper.

Teaching the basics of color science to the youngest children can begin by playing with cars, cubes, and dolls, during which each participant who receives a toy must name as many colors as possible in which it is painted. When conducting such games, it is important to remember that all auxiliary materials, including toys, must be provided for children of a particular age, and also be safe.

Color science assignments for children

After repeating the names of colors with the children several times, and also, if possible, watching additional educational cartoons that are easy to find on the Internet, the teacher or parent should invite the kids to work with colors on their own, using several of the following tasks on color science for children:

Kids who are encountering the concept of color for the first time can color in a coloring book that provides a clear example of how the drawing should look;
Children from 5 to 8 years old can color the same coloring page, but without an example, provided that it was discussed with them in advance why this or that object belongs to a certain color.
Children should also be encouraged to try themselves in making their own flowers using brushes and paints. Mom or a teacher can give a task to get orange, lilac, pink and other colors.

A small color mixing scheme

It is important to explain to children that the color of the paints depends on how much water they add to them; the more, the lighter the shade.

In the future, invite your child to draw up a color wheel, starting with the primary colors, gradually adding new colors for a smoother transition.

You can end a game or lesson on learning colors with praise for the most successfully completed tasks and drawings.

It is very important that the study of color science takes place in a relaxed atmosphere; it is quite possible to organize teaching the basics of color science for children on the street, where a large number of color shades will make it possible to more fully and easily explain their meaning and name to children.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Consultation for parents “Color science for preschoolers”

Prepared by Iya Yuryevna Antsiferova, Additional education teacher, MADOU “Kindergarten “Malyshok” p. Alexandrovskoye, Alexandrovsky district, Tomsk region. 2022

The main purpose of color is to serve expressiveness. Henri Matisse

Every day a child discovers something new in the world around him. Everything that the child saw that excited him, he tries to reflect in his work. One of the most significant and objective properties of the surrounding reality is color. Fine art practice enriches the perception of color, turning it into a powerful artistic means of understanding life.

Color and its combinations have a tremendous emotional and aesthetic impact, revealing to children the laws of beauty in the world around them. Color affects the emotional sphere of the child, participates in the process of artistic activity, and forms artistic taste. In this regard, a sense of the beauty of color and a taste for color in general can and should be cultivated. The child perceives color directly, enthusiastically and sincerely. This is a very valuable quality that must be maintained and developed during the learning process, since it is a condition for the development of artistic perception of color in a preschooler.

When I started working on this topic, I wondered: do preschool children need color theory? Some researchers argue that children should not be stuffed with theories, be it the laws of composition, spatial construction, or color theory. Like, everything has its time. ... Yes, small children (under three years old) do not think about what color to use when drawing. They just “know.” Children are sure that it should only be this way and no other way. They intuitively find the right color combinations. Or maybe they like a certain color because it is bright or for some other reason. But older children develop a kind of cliché - they know for sure that the grass is green, the sun is yellow, the sky is blue. But this is far from the case! And in order for the child to develop further, to get out of this vicious circle, he needs to be shown that there are also color combinations - to teach him to use paint and color. This is what I try to introduce to children in my classes and make them want to draw multi-colored pictures with interesting color schemes. Children get great pleasure from mixing paints with each other and seeing what comes out of it; they are ready to tinker endlessly with paint and palette. “Watercolor” interest group, children have the opportunity to experiment with color. But sometimes, spontaneously mixing colors, they are saddened to see gray-brown dirt on their palette. What's the matter? I see disappointment and bewilderment on their faces. How is it that they took beautiful and pure colors, but what they ended up with was dirt?!

This is the time to tell them about some of the patterns that exist in the color world.

Rainbow pattern.

Rainbow is a miracle of nature. Rainbows occur because each raindrop splits incoming sunlight, like a prism, into the spectral colors that make up white light.

We have all seen a rainbow, but in order to remember the sequence of colors, the following expression is popular: “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits,” in other words, this long word is a description of the rainbow: - red-orange-yellow-green-blue-blue- violet.

In a rainbow, three primary colors alternate: red, yellow, blue. Between them, when mixed, intermediate colors appear: orange, green and purple.

Colors of the first row, second, third row...

Red, yellow and blue in the science of color science and among artists are called primary, as well as the colors of the first row, because they cannot be obtained by mixing any other colors - nature gave them to us.

On the color wheel, red and yellow make orange, yellow and blue make green, and blue and red make violet. These are the colors of the second row, conventionally called composite, that is, colors that can be obtained by mixing primary colors.

The colors of the third row will be: red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, green-blue, blue-violet and violet-red.

By mixing them together in the same way further, you can get an infinite number of color shades - chromatic colors.

In addition, there are three more neutral colors: white, gray and black - achromatic.

Itten's color circle

Main color characteristics:

The name of the color is the so-called hue.
Lightness is the tone that changes when white or black is added.
Saturation is the purity of a color that changes when other colors are added.
Color temperature – “warm” and “cold” colors.

Color science is the science of studying color. Every child should know about the variety of colors and their parents will help them with this! If a musician does not know notes, he will not be able to play, and an artist will not be able to create without color literacy.

Play with children:

— How many flowers do you see in this room?

- Name the colors of your clothes.

— What colors do you see from the window?

- What color is the sky, and what color are the shadows on the snow?

- What color was the car that drove by, and what color was the roof of the house?

— Game “Warm/Cold” : first name the objects (sun/ice, fire/ice cream, etc.), and then the color (yellow, red/blue, cyan, purple...)

Light in the window

Teach your children to notice and distinguish colors, mix them yourself, and create new ones. Experiment with color with your children, use your imagination and you will succeed!

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Didactic games on color science in working with preschoolers

Transcript

1 Didactic games on color science in working with preschoolers Games selected by teachers as part of project activities for the artistic and aesthetic development of children

2 “The sense of color is the most popular form of aesthetic feeling in general.” K.Marx

3 All games are divided into three series: Games for introducing preschoolers to the basics of color literacy; Games to introduce preschoolers to painting; Games to familiarize preschoolers with the arts and crafts of the Russian people.

4 Didactic games to familiarize preschoolers with the basics of color literacy

5 “Mittens” Purpose: to introduce children to the color spectrum.

7 “Let’s clarify the color of an object” Purpose: to practice distinguishing the color of objects; learn to distinguish similar colors. (red-orange, red-pink, pink-lilac)

9 “The Cheerful Little Engine” Purpose: to develop logical thinking, attention, speech, to learn to select objects in a certain color scheme. Developed music. hands Smirnova Tatyana Alexandrovna

12 “Collect a caterpillar” Purpose: To teach children to distinguish between warm and cold colors. Practice your ability to talk about color.

14 “Classics” Goal: to develop the ability to distinguish between light and dark colors, group them, use the names “light” (colors), “dark” (colors).

16 “Color Lotto” Goal: ability to distinguish between cold and warm colors.

18 “Make a bouquet” Goal: teach to distinguish between warm and cold colors, consolidate their names in the active dictionary.

20 “Seven-flowered flower” Purpose: familiarization with the classification of colors and shades

22 “Rainbow Colors” Goal: to develop logical thinking, attention, speech, imagination, to distinguish and name different shades of the same color. Music author hands Smirnova Tatyana Alexandrovna

25 “Who lives where” Goal: to introduce children to colors, geometric shapes and their names, to develop speech Author: teacher Svetlana Yuryevna Menzulina

26 “Magic Droplets” Purpose: to consolidate knowledge about mixing colors, the color spectrum, the color wheel.

27 Didactic games “The artist made a mistake”, “Match by color”, “Chicken’s travels”, “Find the odd one by color”

30 Didactic games to familiarize preschoolers with painting

31 “Make a still life” Purpose: To consolidate knowledge about the genre of still life, features of the image, and its constituent elements.

32 “Perspective” Purpose: to give children knowledge about perspective, horizon line, foreground and background.

33 “Name the color of autumn, summer..” Purpose: to consolidate knowledge about seasonal changes in nature, about the color scheme inherent in this or that time of year.

34 “What did the artist draw?” Purpose: Children are asked to determine which of the proposed cards depicting elements of the painting they see and highlight the characteristic features of the painting.

36 “What does a landscape consist of?” Purpose: to consolidate knowledge about the genre of landscape, its distinctive and color features and parts.

37 “Define or find a genre (portrait, landscape, still life)” Purpose: to clarify children’s ideas about different genres of painting: landscape, portrait, still life.

39 “Magic Lines” Purpose: development of imagination, creative abilities.

40 Didactic games to familiarize preschoolers with the arts and crafts of the Russian people

41 “Which painting is the bird from?” Purpose: to consolidate knowledge about the decorative arts and crafts of the Russian people

42 “Make a pattern” Goal: to consolidate knowledge about Gzhel painting, its coloring, its constituent elements, to learn how to arrange a pattern.

43 “Make a Khokhloma pattern” Goal: To consolidate children’s ability to compose Khokhloma patterns using the appliqué method.

44 “Learn the elements of a pattern” Purpose: to clarify and consolidate the idea of the main elements of any painting.

46 As a result of our work: Children began to better distinguish between cold and warm colors; Recognize and distinguish between similar colors; There are shades of the same color; Have an idea of different genres of painting, landscape, still life, portrait; Have ideas about Russian folk art; The vocabulary of words has been significantly enriched.

47 Literature: Education and training program in kindergarten “from birth to school.” Edited by Veraks Komarov T.S., Razmyslov A.V. “Color in children's fine art” M., Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2002. Shvaiko G.S. “Games and game exercises for speech development” M., Prosveshchenie, 1988. Magazine "Color World" Internet resources.

“Red, yellow, blue”: developing color perception in children

We walked along Neglinnaya,
went to the boulevard and bought a blue, blue , green, red ball!
Sergey Mikhalkov

Colors are waves detected by our eyes and brains and converted into sensations. These are information carriers, symbols of a unique sign system. The ability to identify and name colors and their shades, to separate a color from an object painted in it, is given only to a highly organized human brain.

Childhood means bright colors: rainbow, yellow sun, green grass, blue sky, red ball. Childhood is gender identification in society and the child’s self-identification: pink and blue strollers, balloons, overalls. “I won’t wear these boots, they’re a girly color.” “I want a pink dress, like a princess’s.” And also “What a beautiful toy!” - because it’s colorful, bright.

The ball in the quote before the article is “pre-green” - which means it has a rich color. In one object - a ball - the child sees all the basic colors of the spectrum: blue, green and red (RGB: red, green, blue). It turns out that kids understand the world around them and its colors somewhat differently than adults.

Does each age and gender have their own color?

The perception of color is the most important stage in a child’s sensory development and brain activity. It is not so simple to recognize color as a property of an object, name it and recognize it in another object. It is known that a newborn does not distinguish the colors and shapes of the environment until about one and a half months. He sees everything in black and white and blurry.

When a baby turns forty-five days old, the world changes for him. Up close (about 30 cm), he begins to see red and yellow, and reaches out to rattles of these shades. He sees only a spot of color - bright, but fuzzy. At the same time, it happens that a toy of a strange color that has no aesthetic value becomes his favorite. A six-month-old baby also sees blue and green as beautiful. As the year approaches, purple or pink, for example, becomes interesting. All of these are the brightest colors that exist and their appearance in life is a huge impression, which is why children most often call blue or red, yellow or green their favorite.

A two-year-old child is able to distinguish between primary colors, and at three or four years old - with shades. At the age of five to seven, you need to get rid of the “grass is green, the sun is yellow” perception patterns, developing and deepening knowledge about shades and, at the same time, about the world order. It is necessary to help the child understand the differences, for example, between red, orange and yellow, and also explain and show which colors are formed when mixed with others.

There are tones of the same colors. It has been proven that boys prefer darker colors, girls prefer lighter ones. In addition, studies show that girls like pink, baby blue and purple, boys - blue, green, black. Whether this love is innate or culturally conditioned and imposed is difficult to say. Most likely, both factors play a role here, because in the wild, roosters, peacocks, and drakes are brighter in color in order to attract a female, who obviously likes this brightness. So designers and marketers are right in their own way when they differentiate between the color preferences of boys and girls and offer the market different color options for clothes, toys, and accessories.

Children's color development

Zhanna Kirillova, child psychologist, Fr.
Color is one of the initial characteristics that a child begins to distinguish after birth. In the life of a little person, colors are one of the richest and most unique decorations of his life. The development of color perception and familiarity with shades helps the baby to perceive objects and phenomena more fully and subtly, promotes the development of thinking, observation, and enriches his speech.”

“Important: when helping to form a child’s color perception, take into account HIS peculiarities of perception of color shades, and not just the standard recommendations of specialists”

Darker and lighter shades of the same color become clear to a child after four years - this is what most researchers think. Others say that children are able to capture details earlier, if their picture of the world is not overloaded with exclusively diversity and name shades of colors in a playful way from about two years old, pronouncing the colors of the world around them. Aesthetes can even try to discuss paintings by masters of fine art. It is interesting that the most difficult color for preschoolers to perceive is blue, while the simplest and favorite colors are red, green, yellow and even black.

Different colors not only evoke emotions, but also contribute to the development of creativity. Observing and highlighting color is the first step to drawing, even for professional artists, not like for kids.

It is believed that certain colored objects help or hinder concentration. Red toys facilitate memorization, blue toys develop creativity. Therefore, psychologists advise enriching the experience of boys and girls in terms of palette, not limiting them, and developing them fully.

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Psychologist Max Luscher considered red to strengthen the will, yellow - hope, cheerfulness, orange - activity, blue - giving confidence, calmness, green - efficiency. It turns out that green is good in workspaces and enclosed spaces, so as not to give “pressure”, unlike red. The sphere of the psyche is revealed by purple, gray, brown, black. Colors and their shades can even correct behavior if chosen correctly.

Lyubov Tapkova, child psychologist, proofreader:
“Shades of blue in the interior, such as deep purple and cyan, help children concentrate, they are needed for sleep, and help hyperactive children find balance.
Pink should be soft, cool, soothing, and not hot pink, reddish. It is difficult to choose the right green - it is better to leave it for play and work areas. Brown, such a wooden color, is stable, but somewhat depressing. In general, there is no need to get carried away with white, black and gray; I believe it can only be used in details. These colors are depressing, inducing boredom, melancholy, even loneliness.” How to play and how to learn

An excellent option for sensory introduction to flowers is finger paints. The child can draw with his palms, fingers, and feet. It’s so great for him to test the boundaries of his imagination, to be brave and independent. Lay out old wallpaper or whatman paper directly on the floor or oilcloth and give freedom of creativity. The child’s fear of doing this is a signal for sensitive parents.

Zhanna Kirillova, child psychologist:
“Ways to teach colors: for a baby - these are toys, for an older child - comments from loved ones about the names of colors and demonstration of examples.
Then the color-object relationship (the grass is green, the snowball is white), the selection of the same color (find two identical balls), the difference in colors (which object differs from others in color), then the choice according to the pattern and the actual names of the colors. Education is important at any age, at first it is minimal, but it is also important. The development of color perception and familiarity with colors helps the baby to perceive objects and phenomena more fully and in detail, promotes the development of thinking, observation, and enriches his speech .

Maria Montessori writes a lot about the development of color sensations. There are cards with a color on one side and what color it is on the other. There are many of them, about 100 pieces. It’s interesting to come up with your own colors, it’s very developing – like the “pretty green red ball”.

What other games should I play? Cut colored circles of several colors. Gradually adding new colors, ask the child to sort them into groups. You can also change the size of the circles.

A favorite game can be sorting beads by color, and using them to make jewelry for yourself, your mother, or a doll.

We also sort cars and dolls by color. Or, placing a basic set of toys on the table, we give them the corresponding colored sticks.

If something's wrong

Color blindness is color blindness, the inability to distinguish between green and red colors. In most cases, this is a hereditary trait and is almost always passed on from the mother who carries the gene to her son. But at the same time, people who have difficulty distinguishing between red and green, or not at all, can see many other subtleties, for example, shades of khaki, the same for people with normal vision. It happens that color blindness progresses with age, and it becomes difficult for a person to distinguish between blue and yellow. The most severe and rare form of the disease is the complete absence of color vision.

Colorblindness in its usual form is not so terrible; colorblind people can easily obtain a license in almost any country in the world. Only a few professions are closed to them, for example, a train driver, but otherwise they live a full life and work without restrictions in almost any field.

Colorful childhood

It’s interesting, such an ordinary little thing - colors and paints, but they are the ones that create the best impressions of childhood and life: bright autumn leaves, snow glowing from whiteness and a green Christmas tree with colorful lights, fresh spring greens, deep blue sea, colorful shades of sunset and fantastic rainbow. A beautiful doll or car will be remembered for a lifetime, because it is the brightest. A beautiful white snowflake dress, almost like a bride’s, a strict black suit for a first-grader - all this shows the child the world and the peculiarities of culture. Color is important. Let your childhood be colorful and rich, and therefore happy.

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Project “Formation of knowledge of the basics of color science in preschoolers”

March 31, 2014

Conference “Project activities in educational institutions - 2014”

Nomination “Pedagogical project in a preschool institution”

I bring to your attention the project: “Development and implementation of a system for developing knowledge of the basics of color science in preschoolers by means of visual activities.” Color in visual activity is an important means of expression. Studying the basics of color science expands a child’s ability to perceive various phenomena, increases the expressive capabilities of children’s drawings, and influences the development of his creative potential.

Relevance. Forming knowledge of the basics of color science is one of the pedagogical problems that require solutions, both at the theoretical and practical levels. The teacher’s task is to help the child understand the color diversity of the world around him, develop the ability to perceive color shades, and introduce him to the expressive possibilities of color. Insufficient attention of teachers to the formation of knowledge of the basics of color science, the development of color perception is one of the factors in the emergence of problems that significantly affect the child’s ability to realize his creative ideas and the fading of the child’s interest in visual creativity.

Subject of research: a system for organizing and conducting work on developing knowledge of the basics of color science in classes in visual arts for preschoolers.

Hypothesis: the development and implementation of a system for organizing and carrying out work to develop knowledge of the basics of color science in art classes for preschoolers will contribute to the development of children's color perception, knowledge of the basics of color literacy, and the ability to work with color.

The goal of the project: development and implementation of a program for developing knowledge of the basics of color science in classes in visual arts.

Object of study: the process of developing knowledge of the basics of color science in preschool children.

Tasks:

1. To provide a psychological and pedagogical justification for the need to develop and implement a system for forming the fundamentals of color science in classes in the visual arts of preschoolers.

2. Determine the directions of the teacher’s activities in developing and implementing a system for developing knowledge of the basics of color science in classes in the visual arts of preschoolers, and its application in the educational process.

3. Characterize and reveal the essence and features of the organization of work on the formation of the fundamentals of color science in classes in the visual arts of preschoolers.

Project stages:

1. Study, analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature, periodical materials on this issue.

2. Studying the experience of teachers on this issue.

3. Development and implementation of a program for developing knowledge of the basics of color science through visual arts.

4. Development of diagnostic materials, conducting diagnostic studies.

5. Determining the effectiveness of using a system for developing knowledge of the basics of color science in preschool children in visual arts classes.

Annex 1.

Appendix 2.

Author: Marina Vadimovna Bogacheva, additional education teacher, I qualification category. Work experience: 25 years. MADOU general developmental kindergarten No. 56 in Tomsk.

Didactic games and exercises on color science

Author

: Bezruk Ekaterina Leonidovna

Job title

: teacher

Educational institution

: MAOU "SOSH" s. Seregovo

Locality:

Lyali village

Didactic games and exercises on color science.

Didactic game “Scarves and hats”

These bears are going for a walk. They had already tied their scarves, but had mixed up their hats. Help them figure out whose hat is whose. How can you find out? Look at the scarves (these are clues). Match the hats to the color of the scarves. Choose a hat for the bear with a yellow scarf (blue, green...). Name the colors of the hats in order - from top to bottom: green, yellow... And now vice versa - from bottom to top - purple, orange... Remember what color is your hat? Look at the bears and say whether they are the same or different colors. (These are different shades of brown.) Which bear is your favorite?

Didactic game “Color tea party at Masha and Dasha’s”

Dolls invite girlfriends for tea. Help them set the table. Look: there are a lot of dishes, but two dolls. This means that all the dishes need to be divided equally into two sets. But for a reason: this is Masha, and this is Dasha. Let's think together about how best to distribute the dishes. Are the dishes the same color or different? What color are the dolls' clothes? Which dishes are more suitable for a doll with a red bow? (A teapot and cups and saucers with red polka dots, a red sugar bowl with white polka dots and a vase with a red flower.) What kind of dishes should be selected for the doll in blue? Name what each of the dolls will put on the table for their guests.

Didactic game “What should we finish building the house!”

These houses were built and built, but they were not completed. And they were conceived so that two colors alternated in each. Complete the houses. What parts need to be placed on top? Find a house that has two green cubes at the bottom. What color cube is on top? (Red.) What cubes did you put in next? (Green.) So, which cube should be placed on top? Find him in the row on the right. Examine each building (the rest can be closed) and pick up the missing parts. Show me a house made of orange and green cubes. Made from yellow and green bricks? Name the colored parts from which the rest of the houses were built.

Didactic game "Motley Clown"

The clown is preparing to perform. Help him dress up. The clown's clothes are always the opposite. One sleeve is green, and the glove on the same hand is red. The other sleeve is red, and the glove on this hand is green. Let's take a look together. What's on the clown's head? Where is the green cap? What kind of pompom should be sewn to it? (Red.) Which pom-pom is suitable for a red cap? (Green.) Find the same color on the umbrella. Show me a glove of the same color. Which hand will the clown put it on? Show and name everything red. Where is the red shoe? Which foot will the clown put his shoes on? Name the color of the button and find this color on the umbrella.